大米是世界上一半以上人口的主食,大米香味是消费者高度期望的关键质量属性,并在国际市场上吸引了高价。大米香味中涉及约200种挥发性化合物,但是2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)被认为是香米香气的主要调节剂。因此,通过管理农艺实践或使用现代功能基因组工具,努力增加谷物中的2-AP含量,成功地将非芳香品种转化为芳香水稻。此外,据报道,环境因素也会影响2-AP含量.然而,针对农业管理实践对2-AP生物合成的综合分析,环境因素,缺乏用于香稻生产的功能基因组工具。在这篇评论中,我们总结了微量/常量营养素,种植实践,氨基酸前体,增长调节剂,和环境因素,比如干旱,盐度,光,和温度,影响2-AP生物合成以调节香米的香气。此外,我们还总结了使用现代基因编辑工具将非芳香水稻品种成功转化为芳香水稻,如RNAi,TALINS,CRISPR-Cas9。最后,我们讨论并强调了与香米香气相关的未来前景和挑战。
Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world\'s population, and rice fragrance is a key quality attribute which is highly desired by consumers and attracts premium prices in the international market. There are around 200 volatile compounds involved in rice fragrance, but 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) has been considered a master regulator of aroma in fragrant rice. Consequently, efforts were made to increase the 2-AP contents in the grain by managing agronomical practices or by using modern functional genomic tools, which successfully converted nonfragrant cultivars to fragrant rice. Furthermore, environmental factors were also reported to influence the 2-AP contents. However, a comprehensive analysis of 2-AP biosynthesis in response to agro-management practices, environmental factors, and the application of functional genomic tools for fragrant rice production was missing. In this Review, we summarize how micro/macronutrients, cultivation practices, amino acid precursors, growth regulators, and environmental factors, such as drought, salinity, light, and temperature, influence the 2-AP biosynthesis to modulate the aroma of fragrant rice. Furthermore, we also summarized the successful conversion of nonfragrant rice cultivars to fragrant rice using modern gene editing tools, such as RNAi, TALENS, and CRISPR-Cas9. Finally, we discussed and highlighted the future perspective and challenges related to the aroma of fragrant rice.