背景:居住地在塑造个人发展方面起着重要作用,和研究已经建立了童年迁移经验(CME)和通过成熟的健康结果之间的联系。在过去的三十年里,中国经历了最大的一次农村向城市的移民,然而,关于CME对中国农村移民成人健康的影响知之甚少。
方法:分析了2016年和2018年中国劳动力动态调查的7035名成员的数据。CME是通过14岁时居住地和出生地是否发生变化来衡量的。三项健康措施(自我评估的健康,BMI,和心理健康量表)。进行了因果关系分析,使用Probit模型,OLS模型和倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,探讨CME对农村流动人口成人健康的影响。
结果:总体而言,与童年时期没有移民的人相比,报告“非常不健康”的可能性,“相当不健康”,CME农村移民自我评估健康状况的“公平”下降了0.23%,1.55%,5.53%,报告“健康”和“非常健康”的概率增加了1.94%和5.38%,BMI在正常范围内的概率高出7.32%,心理健康测试成绩明显高于0.2591分。此外,与儿童非移民相比,跨县和跨市移民都促进了农村移民的健康状况,但是跨省移民的积极影响并不显著;从性别角度来看,CME可以比男性更显著地改善农村妇女的成人健康,特别是在心理健康方面。
结论:CME能显著改善成人健康,包括身心健康,积极的作用在女性中更为明显,帮助减少健康方面的性别差异。对于迁移距离,注意力可以集中在远距离迁徙的个体上,谁应该得到更多的支持。
BACKGROUND: Place of residence plays an influential role in shaping individual development, and studies have established links between Childhood migration experience (CME) and health outcomes through maturity. Over the past three decades, China has undergone one of the largest rural-to-urban migrations, however, little is known about the effect of CME on rural migrants\' adult health in China.
METHODS: Data from 7035 members of the 2016 and 2018 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey were analyzed. CME was measured by whether the place of residence and place of birth changed at the age of 14 years. Three measures of health (self-assessed health, BMI, and mental health scale) were obtained. Causal inferential analysis was performed, using the Probit model, the OLS model and the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method, to explore the impact of CME on the adult health of rural migrants.
RESULTS: Overall, compared to individuals who did not migrate in childhood, the probability of reporting \"very unhealthy\", \"rather unhealthy\", and \"fair\" in the self-assessed health of the rural migrants with CME decreased by 0.23%, 1.55%, and 5.53%, the probability of reporting \"healthy\" and \"very healthy\" increased by 1.94% and 5.38%, the probability of BMI within the normal range was higher by 7.32%, and the mental health test scores were 0.2591 points higher significantly. Furthermore, in comparison with childhood non-migration, both cross-county and cross-city migration promoted the health status of rural migrants, but the positive effect of cross-province migration was not significant; from the gender perspective, CME could more dramatically improve rural women\'s adult health than men, especially in mental health.
CONCLUSIONS: CME can significantly improve adult health, including physical and mental health, and the positive effect is more obvious among women, helping to reduce gender differences in health. For the migration distance, attention can be focused on the long-distance migrating individuals, who should get more support.