背景:巴顿病,由巴尔通体属细菌引起的,是一种具有几种哺乳动物水库宿主的人畜共患疾病。在索马里,一个严重依赖牲畜的国家,人畜共患疾病对公共卫生和经济构成重大挑战。据我们所知,尚未进行旨在验证Bartonellaspp的发生的研究。在索马里。本研究调查了单峰动物(Camelusdromedarius,Linnaeus,1758),牛,绵羊,和来自索马里的山羊。
方法:从各种动物中收集了530份血液样本(155只单支,199山羊,131头牛,和45只羊)在贝纳迪尔和下谢贝利地区。提取DNA进行分子分析,并采用针对NADH脱氢酶γ亚基(nuoG)基因的qPCR方法进行巴尔通体筛查。阳性样品还进行了针对七个分子标记的PCR测定,包括:nuoG,柠檬酸合酶基因(gltA),RNA聚合酶β亚基基因(rpoB),核黄素合酶基因(ribC),60kDa热休克蛋白基因(groEL),细胞分裂蛋白基因(ftsZ),和pap31和qPCR靶向16-23SrRNA内部转录间隔区(ITS),然后进行Sanger测序,BLASTn和系统发育分析。
结果:在530只测试动物中,5.1%的巴尔通体阳性。通过nuoGqPCR分析。山羊表现出最高的巴尔通体发生率(17/199,8.5%),其次是绵羊(6/44,6.8%),牛(4/131,3.1%),单升(1/155,1.9%)。山羊,绵羊,牛的感染几率高于单峰病。在nuoGqPCR阳性样本中,11.1%,14.8%,11.1%,25.9%的人在基于nuoG的PCR检测中呈阳性,gltA,还有pap31基因,在基于ITS区域的qPCR中,分别。另一方面,nuoGqPCR阳性样品在靶向ribC的PCR检测中呈阴性,rpoB,ftsZ,和GroEL基因。虽然在牛(nuoG和ITS)和山羊(gltA)中检测到牛巴尔通体序列,在单度中检测到了汉氏巴尔通体ITS序列,山羊,和羊。系统发育分析将来自山羊的gltABartonella序列置于牛芽孢杆菌的同一进化枝中。
结论:本研究显示,第一次,巴尔通体的分子证据。来自索马里的单峰动物和反刍动物以及全球绵羊和山羊中的汉斯尔科。这些发现为巴尔通菌提供了宝贵的见解。发生在索马里牲畜中,强调需要在“一个健康”方法下采取全面的监测和控制措施。
BACKGROUND: Bartonellosis, caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella, is a zoonotic disease with several mammalian reservoir hosts. In Somalia, a country heavily reliant on livestock, zoonotic diseases pose significant public health and economic challenges. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed aiming to verify the occurrence of Bartonella spp. in Somalia. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular characterization of Bartonella in dromedary (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus, 1758), cattle, sheep, and goats from Somalia.
METHODS: 530 blood samples were collected from various animals (155 dromedary, 199 goat, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions. DNA was extracted for molecular analysis, and a qPCR assay targeting the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG) gene was used for Bartonella screening. Positive samples were also subjected to PCR assays targeting seven molecular markers including: nuoG, citrate synthase gene (gltA), RNA polymerase beta-subunit gene (rpoB), riboflavin synthase gene (ribC), 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (groEL), cell division protein gene (ftsZ), and pap31 and qPCR targeting the 16-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) followed by Sanger sequencing, BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis.
RESULTS: Out of 530 tested animals, 5.1% were positive for Bartonella spp. by the nuoG qPCR assay. Goats showed the highest Bartonella occurrence (17/199, 8.5%), followed by sheep (6/44, 6.8%), cattle (4/131, 3.1%), and dromedary (1/155, 1.9%). Goats, sheep, and cattle had higher odds of infection compared to dromedary. Among nuoG qPCR-positive samples, 11.1%, 14.8%, 11.1%, and 25.9% were positive in PCR assays based on nuoG, gltA, and pap31 genes, and in the qPCR based on the ITS region, respectively. On the other hand, nuoG qPCR-positive samples were negative in the PCR assays targeting the ribC, rpoB, ftsZ, and groEL genes. While Bartonella bovis sequences were detected in cattle (nuoG and ITS) and goats (gltA), Bartonella henselae ITS sequences were detected in dromedary, goat, and sheep. Phylogenetic analysis placed gltA Bartonella sequence from a goat in the same clade of B. bovis.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed, for the first time, molecular evidence of Bartonella spp. in dromedary and ruminants from Somalia and B. henselae in sheep and goats globally. These findings contribute valuable insights into Bartonella spp. occurrence in Somali livestock, highlighting the need for comprehensive surveillance and control measures under the One Health approach.