波兰Konik仍然是波兰最重要的马种之一。原始的,身体矮胖,外套颜色像老鼠一样的本土马受到保护计划的保护,虽然他们的波兰人口约有3,480人,代表16条大坝和6条父线。为了定义种群的遗传结构,鉴定了线粒体DNA和Y染色体序列变量。使用Sanger测序方法对属于所有坝线的233个波兰Koniks进行了mtDNA全高变区分析,而Y染色体分析是使用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR基因分型方法对属于所有父系的36匹马进行的。mtDNA高变区的分析检测到47个SNPs,将所有测试的马分配给43个单倍型。大多数大坝线呈现不止一种单倍型;然而,五条坝线仅由一种单倍型代表。单倍型分为六种(A,B,E,J,G,R)识别的mtDNA单倍群,大多数马属于单倍群A,在亚洲马种群中很常见。Y染色体分析将波兰Koniks分配到皇冠组中,浓缩所有现代马品种,并将它们分成三个单倍型,与冷血品种(28匹马)聚集在一起,温血品种(两匹马),和DuelmenerPony(六匹马)。所有Wicek父系种马与Duelmener马的聚类可能表明品种之间存在历史关系。此外,mtDNA和Y染色体序列变异性结果均表明在研究簿关闭之前进行了杂交,或者在DNA测试引入之前发生了家系的不规则性。
Polish Konik remains one of the most important horse breeds in Poland. The primitive, native horses with a stocky body and mouse-like coat color are protected by a conservation program, while their Polish population consists of about 3,480 individuals, representing 16 dam and six sire lines. To define the population\'s genetic structure, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome sequence variables were identified. The mtDNA whole hypervariable region analysis was carried out using the Sanger sequencing method on 233 Polish Koniks belonging to all dam lines, while the Y chromosome analysis was performed with the competitive allele-specific PCR genotyping method on 36 horses belonging to all sire lines. The analysis of the mtDNA hypervariable region detected 47 SNPs, which assigned all tested horses to 43 haplotypes. Most dam lines presented more than one haplotype; however, five dam lines were represented by only one haplotype. The haplotypes were classified into six (A, B, E, J, G, R) recognized mtDNA haplogroups, with most horses belonging to haplogroup A, common among Asian horse populations. Y chromosome analysis allocated Polish Koniks in the Crown group, condensing all modern horse breeds, and divided them into three haplotypes clustering with coldblood breeds (28 horses), warmblood breeds (two horses), and Duelmener Pony (six horses). The clustering of all Wicek sire line stallions with Duelmener horses may suggest a historical relationship between the breeds. Additionally, both mtDNA and Y chromosome sequence variability results indicate crossbreeding before the studbooks closure or irregularities in the pedigrees occurred before the DNA testing introduction.