Abstract：
Goats are considered the leading farm animal that has a substantial role in the agricultural sector in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. No cytological examination has been carried out on them. This experiment aims to identify the Karyotype of the local breeds of domestic goats. This experiment was conducted on the Karyotype and prepared the ideogram of Meriz goats. The determination of the relative length and centromeric index arm ratio of the chromosomes in the breed was achieved by the production of karyotypes. A total of (30)Meriz goats, consisting of (10) males and (20) females, were selected to collect blood samples for a short-term lymphocyte culture. The diploid chromosome count was observed to be (60), consisting of (29) pairs of acrocentric autosomes and one pair of allosomes, specifically the X and Y chromosomes. The acrocentric nature of the X-chromosome and the sub-metacentric nature of the Y-chromosome were identified through scientific investigation. The study observed a variation in the relative length of autosomal chromosomes in Meriz goats, with females ranging from 4.49% to 1.89% and males ranging from (4.53%) to (1.75%). The X-chromosome had a relative length of 3.96 in females, while the Y-chromosome displayed a relative length of (5.05). The findings of this karyological investigation suggest that the chromosomal composition seen in the Meriz goats under examination was within the expected range of normalcy. It is recommended that more cytogenetic analyses be conducted at the population level in order to identify individuals within the Meriz breed population who possesses numerical and/or structural chromosome abnormalities. This research is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of production and reproduction in this breed.
摘要：
山羊被认为是在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区农业部门发挥重要作用的主要农场动物。尚未对其进行细胞学检查。本实验旨在确定本地种山羊的核型。本实验是在核型上进行的，并准备了Meriz山羊的表意图。通过核型的产生，可以确定品种中染色体的相对长度和着丝粒指数臂比。总共（30）只Meriz山羊，由（10）男性和（20）女性组成，选择收集血液样本进行短期淋巴细胞培养。观察到二倍体染色体计数为（60），由（29）对顶心常染色体和一对同种异体体组成，特别是X和Y染色体。通过科学研究确定了X染色体的近核性质和Y染色体的亚中心性质。该研究观察到Meriz山羊常染色体相对长度的变化，女性从4.49%到1.89%，男性从(4.53%)到(1.75%)。女性X染色体的相对长度为3.96，而Y染色体显示的相对长度为（5.05）。这项核学研究的结果表明，在接受检查的Meriz山羊中看到的染色体组成在正常状态的预期范围内。建议在种群水平上进行更多的细胞遗传学分析，以鉴定Meriz品种种群中具有数字和/或结构染色体异常的个体。这项研究对于提高该品种的生产和繁殖效率至关重要。
