目的:回顾性评估单个赛季训练有素的独木舟短跑运动员的训练强度分布(TID),并将TID与表现变化联系起来。方法:11名德国短跑皮划艇运动员(7名女性,在准备期(PP)1和2以及竞争期(CP)(总监测期:37周)期间监测了4名男性)和一名男性皮划艇运动员。训练强度区(Z)定义为Z1[<80%的峰值耗氧量(VO2peak)],Z2(81-87%VO2峰)和Z3(>87%VO2峰),由4×1,500米的水中增量测试确定。在每个时期之前和之后,完成增量测试的最后1,500-m阶段(全部)(1,500-m计时赛)所需的时间,与2和4mmol·L-1血乳酸相关的速度(v2[BLa],确定了v4[BLa])和VO2峰。结果:在每个时期,整个组的平均TID为锥体(PP1:84/12/4%,Z1,Z2,Z3的PP2:80/12/8%和CP:91/5/4%),在水中的总训练时间从5.0±0.9h(PP1)增加到6.1±0.9h(PP2)和6.5±1.0h(CP)。Z1、Z2和Z3的单独范围为61-96%、2-26%和0-19%。在PP2期间,与PP1和CP相比,VO2峰(25.5±11.4%)显着增加,而在PP1v2[bla]期间(3.6±3.4%)与PP2相比显示出更大的改善,但与CP相比则没有。随着赛季的进行,与表现相关的所有变量都有所改善,但没有观察到其他影响。关于时间审判性能,在Z1中花费的时间(r=0.66,p=0.01)和在所有三个区域中的总时间(r=0.66,p=0.01)均呈正相关关系,而在Z2中花费的时间(r=-0.57,p=0.04)呈负相关。结论:对训练效果的季节性分析揭示了广泛的个体间差异。总的来说,在整个观察期间,TID是金字塔形的,随着VO2peak的改善,v2[bla],v4[bla]和时间测试性能。在PP2期间,当COVID-19封锁到位时,在Z3中花费的时间比例翻了一番,而在Z1中花费的时间降低;在水上训练所花费的总时间增加;这些变化可能加剧了这一时期性能的提高。通过减少在Z2和Z3中花费的时间比例,可以进一步增加CP期间的总水上训练时间,从而在Z1中花费更多的时间。
Purpose: To evaluate retrospectively the training intensity distribution (TID) among highly trained canoe sprinters during a single season and to relate TID to changes in performance. Methods: The heart rates during on-water training by 11 German sprint kayakers (7 women, 4 men) and one male canoeist were monitored during preparation periods (PP) 1 and 2, as well as during the period of competition (CP) (total monitoring period: 37 weeks). The zones of training intensity (Z) were defined as Z1 [<80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)], Z2 (81-87% VO2peak) and Z3 (>87% VO2peak), as determined by 4 × 1,500-m incremental testing on-water. Prior to and after each period, the time required to complete the last 1,500-m stage (all-out) of the incremental test (1,500-m time-trial), velocities associated with 2 and 4 mmol·L-1 blood lactate (v2[BLa], v4[BLa]) and VO2peak were determined. Results: During each period, the mean TID for the entire group was pyramidal (PP1: 84/12/4%, PP2: 80/12/8% and CP: 91/5/4% for Z1, Z2, Z3) and total training time on-water increased from 5.0 ± 0.9 h (PP1) to 6.1 ± 0.9 h (PP2) and 6.5 ± 1.0 h (CP). The individual ranges for Z1, Z2 and Z3 were 61-96, 2-26 and 0-19%. During PP2 VO2peak (25.5 ± 11.4%) markedly increased compared to PP1 and CP and during PP1 v2[bla] (3.6 ± 3.4%) showed greater improvement compared to PP2, but not to CP. All variables related to performance improved as the season progressed, but no other effects were observed. With respect to time-trial performance, the time spent in Z1 (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) and total time in all three zones (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) showed positive correlations, while the time spent in Z2 (r = -0.57, p = 0.04) was negatively correlated. Conclusions: This seasonal analysis of the effects of training revealed extensive inter-individual variability. Overall, TID was pyramidal during the entire period of observation, with a tendency toward improvement in VO2peak, v2[bla], v4[bla] and time-trial performance. During PP2, when the COVID-19 lockdown was in place, the proportion of time spent in Z3 doubled, while that spent in Z1 was lowered; the total time spent training on water increased; these changes may have accentuated the improvement in performance during this period. A further increase in total on-water training time during CP was made possible by reductions in the proportions of time spent in Z2 and Z3, so that more fractions of time was spent in Z1.