PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Purpose: To evaluate retrospectively the training intensity distribution (TID) among highly trained canoe sprinters during a single season and to relate TID to changes in performance. Methods: The heart rates during on-water training by 11 German sprint kayakers (7 women, 4 men) and one male canoeist were monitored during preparation periods (PP) 1 and 2, as well as during the period of competition (CP) (total monitoring period: 37 weeks). The zones of training intensity (Z) were defined as Z1 [<80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)], Z2 (81-87% VO2peak) and Z3 (>87% VO2peak), as determined by 4 × 1,500-m incremental testing on-water. Prior to and after each period, the time required to complete the last 1,500-m stage (all-out) of the incremental test (1,500-m time-trial), velocities associated with 2 and 4 mmol·L-1 blood lactate (v2[BLa], v4[BLa]) and VO2peak were determined. Results: During each period, the mean TID for the entire group was pyramidal (PP1: 84/12/4%, PP2: 80/12/8% and CP: 91/5/4% for Z1, Z2, Z3) and total training time on-water increased from 5.0 ± 0.9 h (PP1) to 6.1 ± 0.9 h (PP2) and 6.5 ± 1.0 h (CP). The individual ranges for Z1, Z2 and Z3 were 61-96, 2-26 and 0-19%. During PP2 VO2peak (25.5 ± 11.4%) markedly increased compared to PP1 and CP and during PP1 v2[bla] (3.6 ± 3.4%) showed greater improvement compared to PP2, but not to CP. All variables related to performance improved as the season progressed, but no other effects were observed. With respect to time-trial performance, the time spent in Z1 (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) and total time in all three zones (r = 0.66, p = 0.01) showed positive correlations, while the time spent in Z2 (r = -0.57, p = 0.04) was negatively correlated. Conclusions: This seasonal analysis of the effects of training revealed extensive inter-individual variability. Overall, TID was pyramidal during the entire period of observation, with a tendency toward improvement in VO2peak, v2[bla], v4[bla] and time-trial performance. During PP2, when the COVID-19 lockdown was in place, the proportion of time spent in Z3 doubled, while that spent in Z1 was lowered; the total time spent training on water increased; these changes may have accentuated the improvement in performance during this period. A further increase in total on-water training time during CP was made possible by reductions in the proportions of time spent in Z2 and Z3, so that more fractions of time was spent in Z1.
摘要：
目的：回顾性评估单个赛季训练有素的独木舟短跑运动员的训练强度分布（TID），并将TID与表现变化联系起来。方法：11名德国短跑皮划艇运动员（7名女性，在准备期（PP）1和2以及竞争期（CP）（总监测期：37周）期间监测了4名男性）和一名男性皮划艇运动员。训练强度区（Z）定义为Z1[<80％的峰值耗氧量（VO2peak）]，Z2(81-87%VO2峰)和Z3(>87%VO2峰),由4×1,500米的水中增量测试确定。在每个时期之前和之后，完成增量测试的最后1,500-m阶段(全部)(1,500-m计时赛)所需的时间，与2和4mmol·L-1血乳酸相关的速度(v2[BLa]，确定了v4[BLa]）和VO2峰。结果：在每个时期，整个组的平均TID为锥体（PP1：84/12/4％，Z1，Z2，Z3的PP2：80/12/8％和CP：91/5/4％），在水中的总训练时间从5.0±0.9h（PP1）增加到6.1±0.9h（PP2）和6.5±1.0h（CP）。Z1、Z2和Z3的单独范围为61-96%、2-26%和0-19%。在PP2期间，与PP1和CP相比，VO2峰（25.5±11.4％）显着增加，而在PP1v2[bla]期间（3.6±3.4％）与PP2相比显示出更大的改善，但与CP相比则没有。随着赛季的进行，与表现相关的所有变量都有所改善，但没有观察到其他影响。关于时间审判性能，在Z1中花费的时间（r=0.66，p=0.01）和在所有三个区域中的总时间（r=0.66，p=0.01）均呈正相关关系，而在Z2中花费的时间（r=-0.57，p=0.04）呈负相关。结论：对训练效果的季节性分析揭示了广泛的个体间差异。总的来说,在整个观察期间，TID是金字塔形的，随着VO2peak的改善，v2[bla],v4[bla]和时间测试性能。在PP2期间，当COVID-19封锁到位时，在Z3中花费的时间比例翻了一番，而在Z1中花费的时间降低；在水上训练所花费的总时间增加；这些变化可能加剧了这一时期性能的提高。通过减少在Z2和Z3中花费的时间比例，可以进一步增加CP期间的总水上训练时间，从而在Z1中花费更多的时间。
