越来越多的纳米粒子的使用正在推动有关其对生物体的影响的研究的增长。然而,关于纳米粒子对细胞呼吸影响的研究仍然有限。首次研究了氧化锌纳米颗粒(nnZnO)及其块状形式(blZnO)诱导的植物中细胞呼吸相关指标的重塑。为此,大麦(HordeumvulgareL.)幼苗水培生长一周,并添加浓度为0、0.3、2和10mgmL-1的测试化合物。结果表明,低浓度(0.3mgmL-1)的blZnO不会引起呼吸效率的显着变化,ATP含量,和叶片组织中的总活性氧(ROS)含量。此外,0.3mgmL-1nnnZnO的剂量可提高叶片(17%)和根部(38%)的呼吸效率。在中(2mgmL-1)和高(10mgmL-1)浓度的blZnO和nnZnO的影响下,观察到呼吸效率的剂量依赖性下降,从28%下降至87%.此外,在nnZnO的影响下,负效应更大。线粒体电子传递链(ETC)亚基的基因转录仅在高浓度nnZnO的影响下发生了主要变化。ATPase亚基基因的表达,在中等浓度和高浓度的测试化合物的影响下,叶组织中的atp1略有增加(36%),而在根组织中,在所有治疗中,atp1mRNA水平显着降低(1.6-2.9倍)。在根中还检测到ATP含量急剧下降(1.5-2.4倍)。在AOX1d1基因过表达的背景下,替代氧化酶(AOX)的同种型,叶片中的总ROS含量降低(10mgmL-1nnnZnO除外)。然而,在根部,压力因子的压力较高,ROS水平显着增加,在10mgmL-1nnnZnO下最大增加6倍。与叶相比,根组织中戊糖磷酸途径和糖酵解酶的转录物水平也显着降低。因此,氧化磷酸化的破坏导致ATP合成的减少和ROS产生的增加;同时降低细胞呼吸的效率。
The increasing use of nanoparticles is driving the growth of research on their effects on living organisms. However, studies on the effects of nanoparticles on cellular respiration are still limited. The remodeling of cellular-respiration-related indices in plants induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (nnZnO) and its bulk form (blZnO) was investigated for the first time. For this purpose, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings were grown hydroponically for one week with the addition of test compounds at concentrations of 0, 0.3, 2, and 10 mg mL-1. The results showed that a low concentration (0.3 mg mL-1) of blZnO did not cause significant changes in the respiration efficiency, ATP content, and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in leaf tissues. Moreover, a dose of 0.3 mg mL-1 nnZnO increased respiration efficiency in both leaves (17 %) and roots (38 %). Under the influence of blZnO and nnZnO at medium (2 mg mL-1) and high (10 mg mL-1) concentrations, a dose-dependent decrease in respiration efficiency from 28 % to 87 % was observed. Moreover, the negative effect was greater under the influence of nnZnO. The gene transcription of the subunits of the mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC) changed mainly only under the influence of nnZnO in high concentration. Expression of the ATPase subunit gene, atp1, increased slightly (by 36 %) in leaf tissue under the influence of medium and high concentrations of test compounds, whereas in the root tissues, the atp1 mRNA level decreased significantly (1.6-2.9 times) in all treatments. A dramatic decrease (1.5-2.4 times) in ATP content was also detected in the roots. Against the background of overexpression of the AOX1d1 gene, an isoform of alternative oxidase (AOX), the total ROS content in leaves decreased (with the exception of 10 mg mL-1 nnZnO). However, in the roots, where the pressure of the stress factor is higher, there was a significant increase in ROS levels, with a maximum six-fold increase under 10 mg mL-1 nnZnO. A significant decrease in transcript levels of the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolytic enzymes was also shown in the root tissues compared to leaves. Thus, the disruption of oxidative phosphorylation leads to a decrease in ATP synthesis and an increase in ROS production; concomitantly reducing the efficiency of cellular respiration.