PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Autophagy, an intracellular self-degradation process, is governed by a complex interplay of signaling pathways and interactions between proteins and organelles. Its fundamental purpose is to efficiently clear and recycle cellular components that are damaged or redundant. Central to this process are autophagic vesicles, specialized structures that encapsulate targeted cellular elements, playing a pivotal role in autophagy. Despite growing interest in the molecular components of autophagic machinery and their regulatory mechanisms, capturing the detailed ultrastructural dynamics of autophagosome formation continues to present significant challenges. However, recent advancements in microscopy, particularly in electron microscopy, have begun to illuminate the dynamic regulatory processes underpinning autophagy. This review endeavors to provide an exhaustive overview of contemporary research on the ultrastructure of autophagic processes. By synthesizing observations from diverse technological methodologies, this review seeks to deepen our understanding of the genesis of autophagic vesicles, their membrane origins, and the dynamic alterations that transpire during the autophagy process. The aim is to bridge gaps in current knowledge and foster a more comprehensive comprehension of this crucial cellular mechanism.
摘要：
自噬,细胞内的自我降解过程,受信号通路和蛋白质与细胞器之间相互作用的复杂相互作用控制。其基本目的是有效地清除和回收损坏或多余的细胞组件。这个过程的核心是自噬囊泡，封装目标细胞元件的特殊结构，在自噬中起关键作用。尽管人们对自噬机制的分子成分及其调节机制越来越感兴趣，捕获自噬体形成的详细超微结构动力学仍然存在重大挑战。然而,显微镜的最新进展，特别是在电子显微镜中，已经开始阐明支持自噬的动态调节过程。这篇综述努力提供当代自噬过程超微结构研究的详尽概述。通过综合各种技术方法的观察结果，这篇综述旨在加深我们对自噬囊泡起源的理解，它们的膜起源，以及自噬过程中发生的动态变化。目的是弥合当前知识的差距，并促进对这一关键细胞机制的更全面理解。
