蜱虫属病原体在牲畜和人类中引起无形体病,影响健康和生计,尤其是在非洲。全面审查无性体的流行病学对于指导进一步的研究和控制方法的实施非常重要。我们回顾了有关非洲牛的无性体物种的观察研究。发表在PubMed上的同行评审研究,谷歌学者,和WebofScience-从数据库成立到2022年-进行了搜索。使用JoannaBriggs研究所关键评估工具评估了各个研究的质量,并使用随机效应模型通过诊断方法估计了合并的患病率。使用Cochran的Q统计量和I2统计量测试和量化研究中的异质性。通过亚组分析调查异质性的潜在来源。共检索1117条记录,筛选结束时,149条记录(155项研究)符合这项荟萃分析的条件。所有区域的31/54个国家都报告了无性体物种的发生。七个公认的物种(A.边际,A.centrale,A.吞噬细胞,A.Platys,A.卡普拉,A.牛,A.Ovis)和九种未表征的基因型(Anaplasmasp。哈德萨;无性体。萨索;无性体。Dedessa;anaplasmasp.Mymensingh;无性体。Lambwe-1;非洲拟南芥;拟南芥。;在非洲牛中报道了念珠菌无菌血症)。边缘无性体是最常见的报道(n=144/155研究)和最普遍的物种(血清学方法56.1%,45.9-66.1;直接检测法19.9%,15.4-24.7),其次是A.centrale(n=26项研究),患病率为8.0%(95%CI:4.8-11.9);A.platys(n=19项研究),患病率为9.7%(95%CI:5.4-15.2).边缘无性体,据报道,非洲所有地区都有A.centrale和A.platys,而仅在北部和中部地区报道了A.Ovis和A.capra。在东部和南部地区主要检测到无特征的无性体类群。亚组分析显示,边缘A.margenale暴露(血清学)的重要决定因素是地理区域(p=0.0219),和经度(p=0.0336),而采用的技术影响(p<0.0001)直接检测方法的患病率。温度是A.centrale的唯一重要变量(p=0.0269)。这些发现表明,各种无性体物种,包括那些人畜共患的,在非洲牛中流通。需要更多的遗传和基因组数据,特别是对于未被识别的物种,为了便于有效识别,改善牲畜,最大限度地降低人群的健康风险。其他流行病学数据,包括病原体发生,tick矢量和宿主范围,以及致病性是必不可少的。
Tick-borne pathogens of the genus Anaplasma cause anaplasmosis in livestock and humans, impacting health and livelihoods, particularly in Africa. A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of Anaplasma species is important to guide further research and for implementation of control approaches. We reviewed observational studies concerning Anaplasma species amongst cattle in Africa. Peer-reviewed studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science - from database inception to 2022 - were searched. The quality of individual studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the pooled prevalences by diagnostic method were estimated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity across the studies was tested and quantified using the Cochran\'s Q statistic and the I2 statistic. Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated by subgroup analysis. A total of 1117 records were retrieved and at the end of the screening, 149 records (155 studies) were eligible for this meta-analysis. The occurrence of Anaplasma species was reported in 31/54 countries in all regions. Seven recognised species (A. marginale, A. centrale, A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, A. capra, A. bovis, A. ovis) and nine uncharacterised genotypes (Anaplasma sp. Hadesa; Anaplasma sp. Saso; Anaplasma sp. Dedessa; Anaplasma sp. Mymensingh; Anaplasma sp. Lambwe-1; Candidatus Anaplasma africae; Anaplasma sp.; Candidatus Anaplasma boleense) were reported in African cattle. Anaplasma marginale was the most frequently reported (n=144/155 studies) and the most prevalent species (serology methods 56.1%, 45.9-66.1; direct detection methods 19.9%, 15.4-24.7), followed by A. centrale (n=26 studies) with a prevalence of 8.0% (95% CI: 4.8-11.9) and A. platys (n=19 studies) with prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI: 5.4-15.2). Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale and A. platys were reported in all Africa\'s regions, while A. ovis and A. capra were reported only in the northern and central regions. The uncharacterised Anaplasma taxa were mostly detected in the eastern and southern regions. Subgroup analysis showed that significant determinants for A. marginale exposure (serology) were geographical region (p=0.0219), and longitude (p=0.0336), while the technique employed influenced (p<0.0001) prevalence in direct detection approaches. Temperature was the only significant variable (p=0.0269) for A. centrale. These findings show that various Anaplasma species, including those that are zoonotic, circulate in African cattle. There is need for more genetic and genome data, especially for unrecognised species, to facilitate effective identification, improve livestock and minimise the health risk in human populations. Additional epidemiological data including pathogen occurrence, tick vectors and host range, as well as pathogenicity are essential.