Our study retrospectively examines 51 non-rodent general toxicology studies conducted over the past 8 years to ascertain the influence of recording methodologies on baseline cardiovascular (CV) parameters and statistical sensitivity. Specifically, our work aims to evaluate the frequency of cardiovascular parameter recording categorized by therapeutic modality and study type, to assess the variability in these parameters based on measurement techniques, and to determine the sample sizes needed for detecting relevant changes in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and QTc interval in non-human primate (NHP) studies. Results indicate that electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements in dogs and NHP were recorded in 63% of studies, combined with BP recording in 18% of studies, while BP was never recorded alone. Trend analysis reveals a decline in the utilisation of restraint-based methods for ECG measurements post-2017, to the benefit of telemetry-based recordings, particularly Jacketed External Telemetry (JET). There was a marked difference in baseline values, with restraint-based methods showing significantly higher HR and QTc values compared to JET, likely linked to animal stress. Further analysis suggests an unrealistic and unethical sample size requirement in NHP studies for detecting biologically meaningful CV parameter changes using restraint-based methods, while JET methods necessitate significantly smaller sample sizes. This retrospective study indicates a notable shift from snapshots short-duration, restraint-based methods towards telemetry approaches over the recent years, especially with an increased usage of implanted telemetry. The transition contributes to potential consensus within industry or regulatory frameworks for optimal practices in assessing ECG, HR, and BP in general toxicology studies.

The use of telemetry techniques to better understand the behavior and survival of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima), as they migrate through hydropower systems, has been challenging because shad are widely known to be particularly sensitive to handling. The goal of this study was to develop a tagging protocol using a new, acoustic micro transmitter that minimizes the detrimental effects of the tagging process and maximizes post-tagging survival of juvenile American shad. Limiting out-of-water handling and the use of brackish saltwater (7.5 parts per thousand) before and after tagging improved survival for shad tagged using a simple pectoral implantation method. This protocol provides a detailed, step-by-step procedure for tagging juvenile shad with acoustic transmitters. Fish tagged using this procedure and held in the laboratory for 60 days had an 81.5% survival rate, compared to 70% for their untagged counterparts. The successful tagging and handling practices developed in this study could be applied to field telemetry studies of juvenile shad and other sensitive species.

暂无摘要。

With the escalation in the size and complexity of modern Denial of Service attacks, there is a need for research in the context of Machine Learning (ML) used in attack execution and defense against such attacks. This paper investigates the potential use of ML in generating behavioral telemetry data using Long Short-Term Memory network and spoofing requests for the analyzed traffic to look legitimate. For this research, a custom testing environment was built that listens for mouse and keyboard events and analyzes them accordingly. While the economic feasibility of this attack currently limits its immediate threat, advancements in technology could make it more cost-effective for attackers in the future. Therefore, proactive development of countermeasures remains essential to mitigate potential risks and stay ahead of evolving attack methods.

Advances in tagging technologies are expanding opportunities to estimate survival of fish and wildlife populations. Yet, capture and handling effects could impact survival outcomes and bias inference about natural mortality processes. We developed a multistage time-to-event model that can partition the survival process into sequential phases that reflect the tagged animal experience, including handling and release mortality, post-release recovery mortality, and subsequently, natural mortality. We demonstrate performance of multistage survival models through simulation testing and through fish and bird telemetry case studies. Models are implemented in a Bayesian framework and can accommodate left, right, and interval censorship events. Our results indicate that accurate survival estimates can be achieved with reasonable sample sizes ( n ≈ 100 + ) and that multimodel inference can inform hypotheses about the configuration and length of survival stages needed to adequately describe mortality processes for tracked specimens. While we focus on survival estimation for tagged fish and wildlife populations, multistage time-to-event models could be used to understand other phenomena of interest such as migration, reproduction, or disease events across a range of taxa including plants and insects.

OBJECTIVE: From the healthcare policies that support Public Health strategies, technology implementation in healthcare is an innovative element to address chronicity. Its introduction is not uniform across Spain, despite of the existence of digital strategic implementation and national chronicity plans. The aim of this paper was to explore the current deployment of autonomic strategies for chronicity and the implementation of digital tools for telemonitoring and user support.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through documental review of autonomous strategies in digital health and chronicity care, available until 2020. Consequently, a consultation was carried out to eighteen experts addressing autonomic availability, benefits and barriers to healthcare digitalization.
RESULTS: The expert consultation revealed that, in fifteen autonomous communities, the use and the enhancement of digital technologies were addressed and in nine the focus was on promoting digital transformation. Eleven communities are working on updates, fourteen have health-related digital applications, thirteen allow users checking their test results, ten allow them to carry out administrative procedures, nine deliver patient support resources, and three provide telematic communication channels. 38.89% of the consulted refered not knowing about the existence of any follow-up and monitoring programs in their community. The 60% identified a gap in digital competencies among citizens and the lack of resources, as main barriers to implementation.
CONCLUSIONS: There exists disparity in the update of strategies to address chronicity and the introduction of digital technologies. Many of them are currently updating, which is an opportunity to provide efficient responses that incorporate digital tools.
OBJECTIVE: La implementación de tecnologías digitales supone un elemento innovador para el abordaje de la cronicidad, como parte de las estrategias de Salud Pública. Su implantación es variable a nivel autonómico, pese a existir un plan nacional. Este trabajo pretendió conocer el despliegue de las estrategias autonómicas sobre cronicidad, así como de la implementación de opciones de telemonitorización y apoyo al usuario.
METHODS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante revisión documental de las estrategias autonómicas de salud digital y abordaje de la cronicidad disponibles hasta 2020. Se realizó una posterior consulta a dieciocho personas expertas sobre disponibilidad autonómica, beneficios y barreras a la digitalización de la atención sanitaria.
RESULTS: La consulta a personas expertas reveló que quince comunidades autónomas abordaron el uso y la potenciación de tecnologías digitales y nueve trabajaron en favorecer la trasformación digital. Once comunidades trabajan en actualizaciones, catorce tienen aplicaciones digitales de salud, trece permiten a los ciudadanos consultar resultados de pruebas, diez permiten trámites administrativos, nueve ofrecen recursos de apoyo al paciente y tres disponen de canales telemáticos de comunicación. El 38,89% de los consultados refirió no conocer los programas de seguimiento y monitorización en su comunidad. El 60% identificó a la falta de competencias digitales de la ciudadanía y a la falta de recursos como barreras de su implantación.
CONCLUSIONS: Existe disparidad en la actualización de estrategias para el abordaje de la cronicidad y la implantación de tecnologías digitales. Muchas de ellas se están actualizando, lo que supone una oportunidad para dar respuestas eficientes que incorporen las herramientas digitales.

Reliable testing of aviation components depends on the quality and configuration flexibility of measurement systems. In a typical approach to test instrumentation, there are tens or hundreds of sensors on the test head and test facility, which are connected by wires to measurement cards in control cabinets. The preparation of wiring and the setup of measurement systems are laborious tasks requiring diligence. The use of smart wireless transducers allows for a new approach to test preparation by reducing the number of wires. Moreover, additional functionalities like data processing, alarm-level monitoring, compensation, or self-diagnosis could improve the functionality and accuracy of measurement systems. A combination of low power consumption, wireless communication, and wireless power transfer could speed up the test-rig instrumentation process and bring new test possibilities, e.g., long-term testing of moving or rotating components. This paper presents the design of a wireless smart transducer dedicated for use with sensors typical of aviation laboratories such as thermocouples, RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors), strain gauges, and voltage output integrated sensors. The following sections present various design requirements, proposed technical solutions, a study of battery and wireless power supply possibilities, assembly, and test results. All presented tests were carried out in the Components Test Laboratory located at the Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Aviation.

OBJECTIVE: Family health history (FHx) is an important tool in assessing one\'s risk towards specific health conditions. However, user experience of FHx collection tools is rarely studied. ItRunsInMyFamily.com (ItRuns) was developed to assess FHx and hereditary cancer risk. This study reports a quantitative user experience analysis of ItRuns.
METHODS: We conducted a public health campaign in November 2019 to promote FHx collection using ItRuns. We used software telemetry to quantify abandonment and time spent on ItRuns to identify user behaviors and potential areas of improvement.
RESULTS: Of 11,065 users who started the ItRuns assessment, 4305 (38.91%) reached the final step to receive recommendations about hereditary cancer risk. Highest abandonment rates were during Introduction (32.82%), Invite Friends (29.03%), and Family Cancer History (12.03%) subflows. Median time to complete the assessment was 636 s. Users spent the highest median time on Proband Cancer History (124.00 s) and Family Cancer History (119.00 s) subflows. Search list questions took the longest to complete (median 19.50 s), followed by free text email input (15.00 s).
CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of objective user behaviors at a large scale and factors impacting optimal user experience will help enhance the ItRuns workflow and improve future FHx collection.

Objective. We intend to chronically restore somatosensation and provide high-fidelity myoelectric control for those with limb loss via a novel, distributed, high-channel-count, implanted system.Approach.We have developed the implanted Somatosensory Electrical Neurostimulation and Sensing (iSens®) system to support peripheral nerve stimulation through up to 64, 96, or 128 electrode contacts with myoelectric recording from 16, 8, or 0 bipolar sites, respectively. The rechargeable central device has Bluetooth® wireless telemetry to communicate to external devices and wired connections for up to four implanted satellite stimulation or recording devices. We characterized the stimulation, recording, battery runtime, and wireless performance and completed safety testing to support its use in human trials.Results.The stimulator operates as expected across a range of parameters and can schedule multiple asynchronous, interleaved pulse trains subject to total charge delivery limits. Recorded signals in saline show negligible stimulus artifact when 10 cm from a 1 mA stimulating source. The wireless telemetry range exceeds 1 m (direction and orientation dependent) in a saline torso phantom. The bandwidth supports 100 Hz bidirectional update rates of stimulation commands and data features or streaming select full bandwidth myoelectric signals. Preliminary first-in-human data validates the bench testing result.Significance.We developed, tested, and clinically implemented an advanced, modular, fully implanted peripheral stimulation and sensing system for somatosensory restoration and myoelectric control. The modularity in electrode type and number, including distributed sensing and stimulation, supports a wide variety of applications; iSens® is a flexible platform to bring peripheral neuromodulation applications to clinical reality. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04430218.

Levels of dissolved oxygen in open ocean and coastal waters are decreasing (ocean deoxygenation), with poorly understood effects on marine megafauna. All of the more than 1000 species of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) are obligate water breathers, with a variety of life-history strategies and oxygen requirements. This review demonstrates that although many elasmobranchs typically avoid hypoxic water, they also appear capable of withstanding mild to moderate hypoxia with changes in activity, ventilatory responses, alterations to circulatory and hematological parameters, and morphological alterations to gill structures. However, such strategies may be insufficient to withstand severe, progressive, or prolonged hypoxia or anoxia where anaerobic metabolic pathways may be used for limited periods. As water temperatures increase with climate warming, ectothermic elasmobranchs will exhibit elevated metabolic rates and are likely to be less able to tolerate the effects of even mild hypoxia associated with deoxygenation. As a result, sustained hypoxic conditions in warmer coastal or surface-pelagic waters are likely to lead to shifts in elasmobranch distributions. Mass mortalities of elasmobranchs linked directly to deoxygenation have only rarely been observed but are likely underreported. One key concern is how reductions in habitat volume as a result of expanding hypoxia resulting from deoxygenation will influence interactions between elasmobranchs and industrial fisheries. Catch per unit of effort of threatened pelagic sharks by longline fisheries, for instance, has been shown to be higher above oxygen minimum zones compared to adjacent, normoxic regions, and attributed to vertical habitat compression of sharks overlapping with increased fishing effort. How a compound stressor such as marine heatwaves alters vulnerability to deoxygenation remains an open question. With over a third of elasmobranch species listed as endangered, a priority for conservation and management now lies in understanding and mitigating ocean deoxygenation effects in addition to population declines already occurring from overfishing.