由于银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)对特定细胞和组织的有效性,最近的全球科学关注已针对生态友好型合成和通用应用。本研究旨在开发一种绿色合成AgNPs的方法,该方法使用丹参属植物地上部分的乙醇提取物,并评估其对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的大鼠糖尿病肾病的保护作用。此外,抗氧化剂,抗炎,并进行了细胞凋亡研究以了解它们的作用方式。通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱表征,红外(IR)光谱,和X射线衍射(XRD)证实了丹参银纳米颗粒(EESSAgNPs)的乙醇提取物的形成,在400nm处具有独特的吸收峰。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示合成的纳米颗粒主要是球形和准球形。在糖尿病大鼠中,治疗程序持续了12周,并评估了炎症标志物(肿瘤坏死因子-α,抗氧化剂标志物(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)和凋亡标志物(Bcl-2,Bax,裂解的半胱天冬酶-3)。结果表明,与糖尿病组相比,用EESSAgNP治疗显著降低血糖水平。此外,EESSAgNPs治疗导致促炎细胞因子TNF-α水平显着降低,IL-1β,和肾细胞中的PKC-。此外,EESSAgNPs有效调节抗氧化酶浓度,包括GSH,SOD,GPx,CAT,把他们带到可以接受的水平。EESSAgNP的施用还导致Bax和活化的caspase-3的蛋白水平显着降低,同时增加了抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2在STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾细胞中的表达。总之,EESSAgNPs显示出有效的抗高血糖作用,通过抑制高血糖诱导的氧化应激可能减轻糖尿病肾病,凋亡,糖尿病大鼠肾细胞的炎症。
Recent global scientific attention has been directed towards eco-friendly synthesis and versatile applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their effectiveness against specific cells and tissues. This study aimed to develop a green synthesis method for AgNPs using ethanolic extract from
Salvia sclarea aerial parts, and to assess their protective efficacy against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Additionally, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis studies were conducted to understand their mode of action. Characterization via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of ethanol extract of
Salvia sclarea silver nanoparticles (EESS AgNPs), with a distinctive absorption peak at 400 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed predominantly spherical and quasi-spherical shapes of the synthesized nanoparticles. The treatment procedure spanned for a period of 12 weeks in diabetic rats and were evaluated for inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) and apoptosis markers (Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3). Results demonstrated that treatment with EESS AgNPs significantly reduced blood glucose levels compared to the diabetic group. Additionally, EESS AgNPs treatment led to a significant decrease in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and PKC-ꞵ in renal cells. Furthermore, EESS AgNPs effectively modulated antioxidant enzyme concentrations, including GSH, SOD, GPx, and CAT, bringing them to acceptable levels. Administration of EESS AgNPs also resulted in a significant decrease in protein levels of Bax and activated caspase-3, while increasing expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in renal cells of STZ-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, EESS AgNPs demonstrate potent anti-hyperglycemic effects, potentially mitigating diabetic nephropathy by suppressing hyperglycemiainduced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in renal cells of diabetic rats.