We sought to examine the effects of daily consumption of macadamia nuts on body weight and composition, plasma lipids and glycaemic parameters in a free-living environment in overweight and obese adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk. Utilising a randomised cross-over design, thirty-five adults with abdominal obesity consumed their usual diet plus macadamia nuts (~15 % of daily calories) for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet without nuts for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance; dietary intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recalls. Consumption of macadamia nuts led to increased total fat and MUFA intake while SFA intake was unaltered. With mixed model regression analysis, no significant changes in mean weight, BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat or glycaemic parameters, and non-significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol of 2⋅1 % (-4⋅3 mg/dl; 95 % CI -14⋅8, 6⋅1) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of 4 % (-4⋅7 mg/dl; 95 % CI -14⋅3, 4⋅8) were observed. Cholesterol-lowering effects were modified by adiposity: greater lipid lowering occurred in those with overweight v. obesity, and in those with less than the median percent body fat. Daily consumption of macadamia nuts does not lead to gains in weight or body fat under free-living conditions in overweight or obese adults; non-significant cholesterol lowering occurred without altering saturated fat intake of similar magnitude to cholesterol lowering seen with other nuts. Clinical Trial Registry Number and Website: NCT03801837 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03801837?term = macadamia + nut&draw = 2&rank = 1.

UNASSIGNED: Prediabetes is a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus and routine screening of prediabetes is crucial. Visceral fat (VF) is associated with prediabetes and insulin resistance. Ethnic and racial differences resulting in different levels of VF in the Indian population necessitates an India-specific study. There is a dearth of literature on the cut-off values of VF measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) to predict prediabetes in the Indian population. Hence, the main objective of this study was to determine the sex-specific cut-off value of VF on BIA to predict prediabetes in the Indian population.
UNASSIGNED: Three hundred individuals aged 18-55 years of both sexes were selected for this cross-sectional study. VF was evaluated as a part of body composition analysis using BIA. The body composition variables for the prediction of prediabetes were examined using backward logistic regression. Optimal cut-off levels of VF to predict prediabetes were identified using receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.
UNASSIGNED: VF, total fat, and age were found to be associated with prediabetes (p ≤ 0.05). In females, the cut-off value of VF for predicting prediabetes was identified as 8 with 77.8% sensitivity and 69.3% specificity; in males, it was 11 with 84% sensitivity and 62.9% specificity.
UNASSIGNED: This study contributes to the sex-specific cut-off values of VF level on BIA that can be used for predicting prediabetes in the Indian population.
UNASSIGNED: \"مقدمات السكري\" هي طليعة لمرض السكري من النوع 2، والفحص الروتيني لمقدمات السكري أمر بالغ الأهمية. ترتبط الدهون الحشوية بمقدمات السكري ومقاومة الأنسولين. استدعت الاختلافات العرقية التي أدت إلى مستويات مختلفة من الدهون الحشوية في السكان الهنود دراسة خاصة بالهند. هناك ندرة في الأدبيات حول القيم الفاصلة للدهون الحشوية للتنبؤ بمقدمات السكري في السكان الهنود. ومن ثم، كان الهدف الرئيس من الدراسة الحالية هو معرفة القيمة الفاصلة لدى الجنسين للدهون الحشوية للتنبؤ بمقدمات السكري في السكان الهنود.
UNASSIGNED: تم اختيار 300 فرد تتراوح أعمارهم بين 18 إلى 55 سنة من كلا الجنسين لهذه الدراسة المقطعية. تم تقييم الدهون الحشوية كجزء من تحليل تكوين الجسم باستخدام محلل المعاوقة الكهربائية الحيوية. تم فحص متغيرات تكوين الجسم للتنبؤ بمقدمات السكري باستخدام الانحدار اللوجستي العكسي. تم تحديد مستويات القيم الفاصلة للدهون الحشوية للتنبؤ بمقدمات السكري باستخدام تحليل \"منحنى خصائص فعل المستقبلات\".
UNASSIGNED: وجد أن الدهون الحشوية، والدهون الكلية، والعمر مرتبطة إحصائيا بمقدمات السكري. كما تم تحديد القيمة الفاصلة للدهون الحشوية للتنبؤ بمقدمات السكري عند الإناث على أنها 8 مع حساسية 77.8٪ وخصوصية 69.3٪. بينما في الذكور، تم تحديد 11 مع حساسية 84٪ وخصوصية 62.9٪.
UNASSIGNED: ساهمت هذه الدراسة في تحديد القيم الفاصلة بين الجنسين لمستوى الدهون الحشوية، والتي يمكن استخدامها للتنبؤ بمقدمات السكري في السكان الهنود.

Sarcopenia, loss of skeletal muscle and function, is a common condition among the elderly and is known to cause adverse health outcomes and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This progressive and generalized disorder imposes a considerable socioeconomic burden. Sarcopenia is observed commonly in cancer patients. As Asia is one of the fastest aging regions in the world, it is clear that incidences of both sarcopenia and ovarian cancer will increase together in Asian countries. Ovarian cancer patients are vulnerable to develop sarcopenia during the treatment course and progress of disease, and a considerable number of patients with ovarian cancer seems to have physical inactivity and sarcopenia already at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, management of sarcopenia should be conducted together in parallel with ovarian cancer treatment and surveillance. Thus, in this article, we will review the clinical importance of sarcopenia in the aspect of ovarian cancer. Definition of sarcopenia, diagnosis, etiology, and intervention will be also introduced.

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: Ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained interest as a complementary treatment for cancer patients. Here we present first results of our ongoing KETOCOMP study (NCT02516501) concerning body composition changes among rectal, breast and head & neck cancer (HNC) patients who consumed a KD during curative radiotherapy (RT).
UNASSIGNED: Sixty-one patients eating a non-ketogenic diet were compared to 20 patients on a KD supplemented with 10 g essential amino acids on RT days. Body composition was measured prior to and weekly during RT using 8-electrode bioimpedance analysis. Longitudinal body composition data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models.
UNASSIGNED: Patients on the KD exhibited nutritional ketosis, defined as serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels ≥0.5 mmol/l, in a median of 69.0% of blood measurements (range 0-100%) performed in our clinic. In rectal and breast cancer patients, KD was significantly associated with a loss of 0.5 and 0.4 kg fat mass per week (p = 0.00089 and 8.49 × 10-5, respectively), with no significant changes in fat free and skeletal muscle mass. In HNC patients, concurrent chemotherapy was the strongest predictor of body weight, fat free and skeletal muscle mass loss during RT, while consuming a KD was significantly associated with a gain in these measures. These preliminary results confirm prior reports indicating that KDs are safe to consume during standard-of-care therapy. They also provide an important first indication that KDs with ample amino acid intake could improve body composition during RT in curative cancer patients.