This article delves into the profound impact of various types of disasters, examining some specific contexts. It provides insights into the unique challenges posed by different disasters, ultimately highlighting the invaluable role of maxillofacial surgery in addressing the critical healthcare needs of affected populations. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to analyze the role of maxillofacial surgery in disaster management. Relevant studies were examined to gather evidence supporting the criticality of maxillofacial surgeons in disaster response. Continuous training, coordination, and international collaboration among maxillofacial surgeons were reported as key factors in enhancing preparedness and improving post-disaster recovery. Sharing experiences, implementing best practices, and staying updated with advancements in the field seemed crucial for maximizing the impact of maxillofacial surgery in disaster medicine. By prioritizing the inclusion of maxillofacial surgeons in disaster response teams, lives can be saved, functional outcomes can be improved, and hope can be restored in affected communities. Understanding the intricacies and patterns associated with various types of disasters can be crucial details for successful rescue operations.

Rescue sheets enable rescue personnel to timely extricate trapped victims of road traffic accidents and increase their chance of survival. However, in the year 2024, these rescue sheets are still paper based DIN A4 documents. The digital transformation of the rescue process through new reporting technologies, such as eCall or the International Standard Accident Number (ISAN) facilitates digital rescue sheets, providing benefits for availability and functionality. This work addresses design considerations raised by previous research to suggest a process for the creation of digital rescue sheets. Our process transforms high-resolution models provided by car manufacturers and vendors into small files by shape abstraction of the components. The system maps the body of the car to generic representative models of defined car body types reducing the number of models that need to be stored. We develop a hierarchical tree data structure with three levels that allows appending new components of the increasingly complex cars. Our data format for transmission of the rescue sheet sends all relevant data for visualization while still retaining a small file size to account for a poor internet connection. In the future, we aim to evaluate our approach involving car manufacturers and other stakeholders.

Expressway networks are continuously developing and emergency rescue demand is increasing proportionately. The location of expressway emergency rescue nodes needs refinement to meet changing requirements. In this study, the expressway was modeled as an expressway network. The differences in the origin destination (OD) distribution matrices for working days and major holidays were used as the bases for determining the need for temporary emergency rescue nodes. Overlapping and non-overlapping community detection algorithms were used to extract the distribution characteristics of OD during both day categories. These distributions were used to determine permanent and temporary emergency rescue sites. In this study, we considered the differences in traffic volume, distance, and impact of four vehicle types on traffic accidents to select the location of emergency rescue nodes, and allocate emergency resources. An emergency rescue node selection model for an expressway network was established based on spatio-temporal characteristics. The results based on a regional example determined that 22 permanent and 25 temporary emergency rescue nodes were appropriate. The average rescue time for traffic accidents during working days and major holidays compared to the P-center location model, was reduced by approximately 27.08% and 6.70%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of emergency rescue time was reduced by approximately 28.22% and 21.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model satisfied the expressway emergency rescue demand requirements, and improved the rationality of the rescue center node layout.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing nurses\' ability to respond to public health emergencies and understand the relationship between nurses\' ability to respond to emergencies and workplace resilience.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study of 361 nurses from military hospitals was conducted from January 18 to September 6, 2022, using an online survey. The Infectious Diseases Emergency Response Capacity (IDERC) questionnaire and the Workplace Resilience Scale (WRS) were utilized, and sociodemographic information was also collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency analysis. Differences between groups were identified by one-way analysis of variance, and linear regression was used to analyze the main factors influencing the infectious emergency response capacity.
UNASSIGNED: The average infectious emergency response capacity score on the IDERC questionnaire and workplace resilience, measured by WRS, were 4.01 (SD = 0.76) and 3.85 (SD = 0.71), respectively, on a scale of 1-5, indicating high performance. Factors such as degree of education, nurses\' service years and experience in epidemic prevention participation were found to be the main influencing factors of the score of IDERC. The level of workplace resilience showed a positive correlation with the capacity to respond to infectious disease, the score of WRS and the service year accounted for 63.6% of the variance in emergency response capabilities.
UNASSIGNED: The results indicate an urgent need to strengthen the training of nurses with lower degree of education, shorter service years, no prior work, or no experience of epidemic prevention participation, and hospitals should also prioritize improving nurses\' workplace resilience through targeted interventions, enhancing their abilities in infectious disease prevention, preparation, first aid, and subsequent critical patient care.

The Himalayan Rescue Association (HRA) has operated high altitude clinics in Nepal for 50 years, with rising visitor numbers, especially from India, China, and Nepal. New roads have eased access and increased the speed of ascent in some areas. Our aim was to provide a description of the activities, clinical problems, and lecture attendees of the HRA aid post in Manang over one season. We also highlight the evolving challenges of providing healthcare and education in the high Himalayan region. We describe the clinical and educational activities of the HRA aid post in Manang from September 24 to December 1, 2023. Prospective clinical data collection included anonymized patient demographics and diagnoses. Lecture data were taken from the attendee register and by daily manual counts of lecture attendees. We saw 376 patients, 62% of whom were Nepalis. Infectious diseases (42%) and altitude illness (16%) were the most common problems. A total of 846 people from 47 countries attended the daily altitude lectures. Only 5% of attendees were Nepali. Electrical supply interruptions and limitations in medical evacuation options were among the challenges of providing care at a high altitude clinic and preventing altitude illness using educational lectures. Altitude illness remains a common and potentially life-threatening problem, with risks increased by rapid ascent enabled by new road access and by ignorance of risks of altitude among travelers, especially Nepalis. Language barriers in educational outreach call for novel approaches and interventions that will ensure the effectiveness of altitude education.

Rapid global population growth and urbanization have heightened the demand for emergency medical rescue, with helicopter medical rescue emerging as an effective solution. The advent of 5G communication technology, characterized by large bandwidth, low latency, and high reliability, offers substantial promise in enhancing the efficiency and quality of helicopter rescue operations. However, the full integration of 5G technology into helicopter emergency medical services is still in its nascent stages and requires further development. In this viewpoint, we present our experience from the Shenzhen University General Hospital of the application of 5G low-altitude network communication technology, body area network disease sensing technology, and 5G air-ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology in aeromedical rescue. We consider that the 5G air-to-ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology enables high-quality remote consultation, enhancing emergency medical rescue and providing strong support for future rescue operations.

Purpose: Drownings are a societal phenomenon occurring worldwide, hence the importance of rescue skills, including directly towing a victim to a safe place. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most effective towing techniques based on kinematic parameters, considering different types of drowning cases, for their recommendation for widespread use in water rescue. Methods: The research involved 18 water lifeguards aged 18-25 years. The evaluation included speed tests in towing a mannequin over a distance of 50 m using the Extended Arm Tow (EAT), Double Armpit Tow (DAT), \"Sailor\" Technique Tow (STT) and with a rescue tube (RT), accompanied by video recording to measure in the designated measurement area the number of cyclic paddling movements by the lower limbs, angles of the body attack, towing velocity, and its decrease during towing. Results: Number of cyclic paddling movements by the lower limbs, towing with a RT was considered the most beneficial, and least beneficial was the DAT. In the DAT, the lifeguard swam with the smallest body angle, in contrast to the STT, where this angle was the largest. The effect of the number of cyclic paddling movements and the body angle by the lifeguard was the velocity, with the highest value recorded in towing using a RT; in other techniques, velocity were similar. Conclusions: Institutions associated with water rescue should recommend towing using a RT for direct rescue actions in the water, as its use shortens the time, while simultaneously increasing safety for both the rescuer and the victim.

BACKGROUND: Many personnel respond to natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis and frequent public health events like Ebola and COVID-19. However, research on emergency assistance personnel remains limited. This study aims to describe the perceived well-being among responders deployed in isolated or emergency international missions while providing practical references to intervene in developing similar missions.
METHODS: For this qualitative phenomenological study, purposive sampling was used following the principle of maximum differentiation to select personnel deployed on an emergency mission for over a year. Data collection continued until data saturation. Phenomenologically semi-structured interviews helped explore the physical and psychological status of the participants with Colaizzi\'s method.
RESULTS: Eleven personnel were interviewed after the mission, with four major themes being identified: \'perceived somatic change,\' \'perceived emotional change,\' \'behavioral change,\' and \'coping with perceived change.\'
CONCLUSIONS: The mental health status of the emergency assistance personnel was affected by multiple factors from external and internal environments. The current study explored the physical and psychological feelings and emotions of emergency assistance personnel during an emergency mission. The study provided a practical reference for health management under similar missions.
BACKGROUND: Not registered.

BACKGROUND: Most research examining first responders of terrorist incidents has been conducted in early post-disaster periods, utilized quantitative research methods, and focused on psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress.
METHODS: Longitudinal follow-up assessments of 124 workers from 181 baseline volunteer rescue and recovery workers originally studied were completed nearly a quarter century after the terrorist bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Open-ended qualitative interviews were used in the follow-up study.
RESULTS: The rescue and recovery work, vividly described decades later, was gruesome. These workers\' descriptions captured their mental toughness and their professional missions, as well as the emotional and mental health (MH) toll on their lives.
CONCLUSIONS: The extreme nature of rescue and recovery work in the aftermath of terrorism suggests potential utility for MH interventions to address the psychological toll that can be expected of human beings under the most extraordinary circumstances.

Lifeguards are the first responders to any type of aquatic incident, including rapid rescue situations such as boating and sporting accidents, animal bites/attacks, and cases involving massive bleeding. In their line of work, rescue boats such as Rescue Water Craft (RWC) are commonly utilized the aim of this study is to evaluate the time and technique of placing a tourniquet on the sled of an RWC navigating at full speed.
METHODS: A randomized crossover study design was used with a sample of 44 lifeguards. The inclusion criteria required that participants be certified lifeguards with experience in RWC operations and possess knowledge of responding to massive bleeding. Two CAT tourniquet placement tests were performed. In the 1) Beach-Tourniquet (B-TQ) test: it was performed on land and in the 2) Rescue Water Craft-tourniquet (RWC-TQ) test, sailing at a cruising speed of 20 knots. The evaluation was recorded in a checklist on the steps and timing of the correct application TQ by direct observation by an expert instructor.
RESULTS: The tourniquet placement on RWC was an average of 11 s slower than when placed on the beach (BT-TQ 35.7 ± 8.0 vs. 46.1 ± 10.9 s, p > 0.001). In the percentage analysis of the results on correct execution of the skills, higher values are obtained for the B-TQ test than in RWC-TQ in Distance to the wound (into 5-7 cm), band adjustment, checking the radial pulse and reporting the time of tourniquet placement (p > 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: The placement of a tourniquet on a RWC navigating at 20 knots is feasible, relatively quick, and technically well executed.