Abstract：
Lifeguards are the first responders to any type of aquatic incident, including rapid rescue situations such as boating and sporting accidents, animal bites/attacks, and cases involving massive bleeding. In their line of work, rescue boats such as Rescue Water Craft (RWC) are commonly utilized the aim of this study is to evaluate the time and technique of placing a tourniquet on the sled of an RWC navigating at full speed.
METHODS: A randomized crossover study design was used with a sample of 44 lifeguards. The inclusion criteria required that participants be certified lifeguards with experience in RWC operations and possess knowledge of responding to massive bleeding. Two CAT tourniquet placement tests were performed. In the 1) Beach-Tourniquet (B-TQ) test: it was performed on land and in the 2) Rescue Water Craft-tourniquet (RWC-TQ) test, sailing at a cruising speed of 20 knots. The evaluation was recorded in a checklist on the steps and timing of the correct application TQ by direct observation by an expert instructor.
RESULTS: The tourniquet placement on RWC was an average of 11 s slower than when placed on the beach (BT-TQ 35.7 ± 8.0 vs. 46.1 ± 10.9 s, p > 0.001). In the percentage analysis of the results on correct execution of the skills, higher values are obtained for the B-TQ test than in RWC-TQ in Distance to the wound (into 5-7 cm), band adjustment, checking the radial pulse and reporting the time of tourniquet placement (p > 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: The placement of a tourniquet on a RWC navigating at 20 knots is feasible, relatively quick, and technically well executed.
METHODS: A randomized crossover study design was used with a sample of 44 lifeguards. The inclusion criteria required that participants be certified lifeguards with experience in RWC operations and possess knowledge of responding to massive bleeding. Two CAT tourniquet placement tests were performed. In the 1) Beach-Tourniquet (B-TQ) test: it was performed on land and in the 2) Rescue Water Craft-tourniquet (RWC-TQ) test, sailing at a cruising speed of 20 knots. The evaluation was recorded in a checklist on the steps and timing of the correct application TQ by direct observation by an expert instructor.
RESULTS: The tourniquet placement on RWC was an average of 11 s slower than when placed on the beach (BT-TQ 35.7 ± 8.0 vs. 46.1 ± 10.9 s, p > 0.001). In the percentage analysis of the results on correct execution of the skills, higher values are obtained for the B-TQ test than in RWC-TQ in Distance to the wound (into 5-7 cm), band adjustment, checking the radial pulse and reporting the time of tourniquet placement (p > 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: The placement of a tourniquet on a RWC navigating at 20 knots is feasible, relatively quick, and technically well executed.
摘要：
救生员是任何类型的水生事件的第一反应者，包括快速救援情况，如划船和体育事故，动物咬伤/攻击，以及大量出血的病例.在他们的工作中，通常使用诸如救援水艇（RWC）之类的救援船，这项研究的目的是评估在全速航行的RWC的雪橇上放置止血带的时间和技术。
方法：采用随机交叉研究设计，样本包括44名救生员。纳入标准要求参与者必须是具有RWC手术经验的认证救生员，并具备应对大出血的知识。进行了两次CAT止血带放置测试。在1）海滩止血带（B-TQ）测试中：在陆地上进行，在2）救援水工艺止血带（RWC-TQ）测试中，以20节的巡航速度航行。通过专家指导者的直接观察,将评估记录在关于正确施用TQ的步骤和时机的检查表中。
结果：在RWC上放置止血带比在海滩上放置平均慢11s（BT-TQ35.7±8.0与46.1±10.9s，p>0.001)。在对技能正确执行结果的百分比分析中，B-TQ测试获得的值高于RWC-TQ到伤口的距离（5-7厘米），波段调整,检查径向脉搏并报告止血带放置时间（p>0.005）。
结论：在20节导航的RWC上放置止血带是可行的，相对较快,技术上执行得很好。
方法：采用随机交叉研究设计，样本包括44名救生员。纳入标准要求参与者必须是具有RWC手术经验的认证救生员，并具备应对大出血的知识。进行了两次CAT止血带放置测试。在1）海滩止血带（B-TQ）测试中：在陆地上进行，在2）救援水工艺止血带（RWC-TQ）测试中，以20节的巡航速度航行。通过专家指导者的直接观察,将评估记录在关于正确施用TQ的步骤和时机的检查表中。
结果：在RWC上放置止血带比在海滩上放置平均慢11s（BT-TQ35.7±8.0与46.1±10.9s，p>0.001)。在对技能正确执行结果的百分比分析中，B-TQ测试获得的值高于RWC-TQ到伤口的距离（5-7厘米），波段调整,检查径向脉搏并报告止血带放置时间（p>0.005）。
结论：在20节导航的RWC上放置止血带是可行的，相对较快,技术上执行得很好。
