Abstract：
Purpose: Drownings are a societal phenomenon occurring worldwide, hence the importance of rescue skills, including directly towing a victim to a safe place. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most effective towing techniques based on kinematic parameters, considering different types of drowning cases, for their recommendation for widespread use in water rescue. Methods: The research involved 18 water lifeguards aged 18-25 years. The evaluation included speed tests in towing a mannequin over a distance of 50 m using the Extended Arm Tow (EAT), Double Armpit Tow (DAT), \"Sailor\" Technique Tow (STT) and with a rescue tube (RT), accompanied by video recording to measure in the designated measurement area the number of cyclic paddling movements by the lower limbs, angles of the body attack, towing velocity, and its decrease during towing. Results: Number of cyclic paddling movements by the lower limbs, towing with a RT was considered the most beneficial, and least beneficial was the DAT. In the DAT, the lifeguard swam with the smallest body angle, in contrast to the STT, where this angle was the largest. The effect of the number of cyclic paddling movements and the body angle by the lifeguard was the velocity, with the highest value recorded in towing using a RT; in other techniques, velocity were similar. Conclusions: Institutions associated with water rescue should recommend towing using a RT for direct rescue actions in the water, as its use shortens the time, while simultaneously increasing safety for both the rescuer and the victim.
摘要：
目的：溺水是世界范围内发生的一种社会现象，因此，救援技能的重要性，包括直接把受害者拖到安全的地方.这项研究的目的是评估最有效的牵引技术基于运动学参数，考虑到不同类型的溺水案例，他们建议在水上救援中广泛使用。方法:研究对象为18名年龄在18～25岁的水上救生员。评估包括使用扩展臂牵引（EAT）在50m的距离上拖曳人体模型的速度测试，双纵梁牵引(DAT),“水手”技术牵引(STT)和救援管(RT)，伴随着视频记录，以在指定的测量区域测量下肢循环划桨运动的数量，身体攻击的角度，牵引速度,以及它在牵引过程中的减少。结果：下肢循环划桨运动的次数，用RT牵引被认为是最有益的，最不利的是DAT。在DAT中,救生员以最小的身体角度游泳，与STT相比，这个角度最大的地方。救生员循环划桨运动次数和身体角度的影响是速度，使用RT牵引记录的最高值；在其他技术中，速度相似。结论：与水上救援相关的机构应建议使用RT牵引直接在水中进行救援行动，因为它的使用缩短了时间，同时增加救援人员和受害者的安全。
