This article uses critical discourse analysis to investigate artificial intelligence (AI) generated images of aged care nurses and considers how perspectives and perceptions impact upon the recruitment and retention of nurses. The article demonstrates a recontextualization of aged care nursing, giving rise to hidden ideologies including harmful stereotypes which allow for discrimination and exploitation. It is argued that this may imply that nurses require fewer clinical skills in aged care, diminishing the value of working in this area. AI relies on existing data sets, and thus represent existing stereotypes and biases. The discourse analysis has highlighted key issues which may further impact upon nursing recruitment and retention, and advocates for stronger ethical consideration, including the use of experts in data validation, for the way that aged care services and nurses are depicted and thus valued.

BACKGROUND: Recruitment for surveys has been a great challenge, especially in general practice.
METHODS: Here, we reported recruitment strategies, data collection, participation rates (PR) and representativeness of the PRICOV-19 study, an international comparative, cross-sectional, online survey among general practices (GP practices) in 37 European countries and Israel.
RESULTS: Nine (24%) countries reported a published invitation; 19 (50%) had direct contact with all GPs/GP practices; 19 (50%) contacted a sample of GPs /GP practices; and 7 (18%) used another invitation strategy. The median participation rate was 22% (IQR = 10%, 28%). Multiple invitation strategies (P-value 0.93) and multiple strategies to increase PR (P-value 0.64) were not correlated with the PR. GP practices in (semi-) rural areas, GP practices serving more than 10,000 patients, and group practices were over-represented (P-value < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the PR and strength of the primary care (PC) system [Spearman\'s r 0.13, 95% CI (-0.24, 0.46); P-value 0.49]; the COVID-19 morbidity [Spearman\'s r 0.19, 95% CI (-0.14, 0.49); P-value 0.24], or COVID-19 mortality [Spearman\'s r 0.19, 95% CI (-0.02, 0.58); P-value 0.06] during the three months before country-specific study commencement.
CONCLUSIONS: Our main contribution here was to describe the survey recruitment and representativeness of PRICOV-19, an important and novel study.

BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of pulmonary atelectasis during paediatric laparoscopic surgeries. The authors hypothesised that utilising a recruitment manoeuvre or using continuous positive airway pressure may prevent atelectasis compared to conventional ventilation.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to compare the degree of lung atelectasis diagnosed by lung ultrasound (LUS) using three different ventilation techniques in children undergoing laparoscopic surgeries.
METHODS: Randomised, prospective three-arm trial.
METHODS: Single institute, tertiary care, teaching hospital.
METHODS: Children of ASA PS 1 and 2 up to the age of 10 years undergoing laparoscopic surgery with pneumoperitoneum lasting for more than 30 min.
METHODS: Random allocation to one of the three study groups: CG group: Inspiratory pressure adjusted to achieve a TV of 5-8 ml/kg, PEEP of 5 cm H2O, respiratory rate adjusted to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) between 30-40 mm Hg with manual ventilation and no PEEP at induction. RM group: A recruitment manoeuvre of providing a constant pressure of 30 cm H2O for ten seconds following intubation was applied. A PEEP of 10 cm H2O was maintained intraoperatively. CPAP group: Intraoperative maintenance with PEEP 10 cm H2O with CPAP of 10 cm H2O at induction using mechanical ventilation was done.
METHODS: Lung atelectasis score at closure assessed by LUS.
RESULTS: Post induction, LUS was comparable in all three groups. At the time of closure, the LUS for the RM group (8.6 ± 4.9) and the CPAP group (8.8 ± 6.8) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the CG group (13.3 ± 3.8). In CG and CPAP groups, the score at closure was significantly higher than post-induction. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the RM group (437.1 ± 44.9) and CPAP group (421.6 ± 57.5) than the CG group (361.3 ± 59.4) at the time of pneumoperitoneum.
CONCLUSIONS: Application of a recruitment manoeuvre post-intubation or CPAP during induction and maintenance with a high PEEP leads to less atelectasis than conventional ventilation during laparoscopic surgery in paediatric patients.
BACKGROUND: CTRI/2019/08/02058.

OBJECTIVE: This study explores the opportunities of social media advertisements as a recruitment strategy in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
METHODS: This feasibility study was part of a larger clinical trial on the effects of a patient decision aid for SUI treatment. We started a 61-day social media advertisement campaign to recruit women for the trial. The primary outcome of our study was enrolment pace. Secondary outcomes involved cost per participant, baseline demographic comparison and ad campaign performance metrics. Additionally, we interviewed recruited participants to identify the facilitators and barriers of our approach.
RESULTS: Ten participants were recruited, of whom 8 completed the full study protocol (2 questionnaires 6 months apart). The enrolment pace, 4.0 study participants per month, was faster compared to the average of 2.7 participants per month through conventional methods. The campaign reached 87 clicks on the advertisement per day and 1 % of these women showed interest in our study by contacting us. The overall conversion rate from click to full participation was 0.2 %. The costs per participant were €112. Besides higher age, the demographics of the social media recruited participants were comparable to the conventional inclusions. Qualitative analysis identified more user-oriented enrolment procedures and potential participant benefit as facilitators of social media recruitment.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that social media recruitment can be feasible in trials for women with SUI. It can accelerate recruitment of eligible participants. Optimising the enrolment procedure to better meet participants\' needs and recruitment benefits may improve participation and cost-effectiveness. Trial registration ID 2017-3540.

OBJECTIVE: Global health researchers have a responsibility to conduct ethical research in a manner that is culturally respectful and safe. The purpose of this work is to describe our experiences with recruitment and retention in Pakistan, a low-middle-income country.
METHODS: We draw on two studies with a combined sample of 2161 low-risk pregnant women who participated in a pilot (n = 300) and a larger (n = 1861) prospective study of psychological distress and preterm birth at one of four centers (Garden, Hyderabad, Kharadar, Karimabad) of the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
RESULTS: Challenges we encountered include economic hardship and access to healthcare; women\'s position in the family; safety concerns and time commitment; misconceptions and mistrust in the research process; and concerns related to blood draws. To mitigate these challenges, we developed culturally acceptable study incentives, involved family members in the decision-making process about study participation, partnered with participants\' obstetrician-gynecologists, accommodated off site study visits, combined research visits with regular prenatal care visits, and modified research participation related to blood draws for some women.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of these mitigation strategies improved recruitment and retention success, and we are confident that the solutions presented will support future scientists in addressing sociocultural challenges while embarking on collaborative research projects in Pakistan and other low-middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: Recruitment of sufficient and diverse participants into clinical research for Alzheimer\'s disease and related dementias remains a formidable challenge. The primary goal of this manuscript is to provide an overview of an approach to diversifying research recruitment and to provide case examples of several methods for achieving greater diversity in clinical research enrollment.
METHODS: The University of Kansas Alzheimer\'s Disease Research Center (KU ADRC) developed MyAlliance for Brain Health (MyAlliance), a service-oriented recruitment model. MyAlliance comprises a Primary Care Provider Network, a Patient and Family Network, and a Community Organization Network, each delivering tailored value to relevant parties while facilitating research referrals.
RESULTS: We review three methods for encouraging increased diversity in clinical research participation. Initial outcomes reveal an increase in underrepresented participants from 17% to 27% in a research registry. Enrollments into studies supported by the research registry experienced a 51% increase in proportion of participants from underrepresented communities.
CONCLUSIONS: MyAlliance shifts power, resources, and knowledge to community advocates, promoting brain health awareness and research participation, and demands substantial financial investment and administrative commitment. MyAlliance offers valuable lessons for building sustainable, community-centered research recruitment infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of localized engagement and cultural understanding.
UNASSIGNED: MyAlliance led to a significant increase in the representation of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups and individuals from rural areas.The service-oriented approach facilitated long-term community engagement and trust-building, extending partnerships between an academic medical center and community organizations.While effective, MyAlliance required substantial financial investment, with costs including infrastructure development, staff support, partner organization compensation, and promotional activities, underscoring the resource-intensive nature of inclusive research recruitment efforts.

Limited U.S. research has been conducted examining factors affecting healthcare provider recruitment in rural settings, necessitating community-level investigations due to community differences. The aim of this study was to explore the factors involved in healthcare provider recruitment in a rural community in Northern Idaho. A retooled version of the Nursing Community Apgar Questionnaire (NCAQ) was used to collect data from 50 healthcare providers to assess items influencing provider recruitment. Items were categorized into five factors: geographic, economic, scope of practice, medical support, and facility and community support classes. Healthcare providers ranked items based on perceived importance and how advantageous or challenging it was to recruitment. A \"Community Apgar\" score is a composite score calculated using the advantage/challenge and importance scores. In our sample, medical support was rated as the most important class. Additionally, facility and community support was rated as the highest advantage class and had the most impactful Apgar scores, meaning it contained the most important advantage and challenge. Our findings suggest that these classes contain dominant factors related to the recruitment of providers in rural areas. Rural healthcare organizations seeking to improve the recruitment of healthcare providers should consider the potential impact of these factors on their population. Further investigations should be conducted on diverse rural samples across the U.S. to enable comparisons of research findings.

BACKGROUND: Receiving a diagnosis of cancer is a profound and often very stressful experience. Few studies have prospectively recruited patients prior to receiving a new diagnosis of cancer and included spouses or partners.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the Couples Cope Study is to understand the impact of undergoing a diagnostic biopsy and receiving a new cancer diagnosis on quality of life (QoL) in both patients and their spouses or partners, as well as on the quality of their relationship. This protocol paper describes the study design and assesses the feasibility of recruitment and retention.
METHODS: Study staff reviewed the schedules of collaborating physicians using specific encounter codes to identify patients scheduled for breast or prostate biopsies. Potential participants were prescreened via the electronic health record and sent a recruitment letter at least 2 to 3 weeks prior to their biopsy procedure. Patients subsequently underwent a phone screening to determine eligibility. Patients who enrolled provided study staff with contact information for their spouses or partners. All consent forms were completed online. Surveys were completed online prior to receiving the biopsy results (baseline), and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after the biopsy. Study staff engaged in ongoing, personalized contact with participants and sent assessment completion reminders via phone and email.
RESULTS: A total of 2294 patients undergoing a breast or prostate biopsy were identified and 69% (n=1582) were eligible for phone screening following electronic health record prescreening. Of the 431 patients who underwent phone screening, 75% (n=321) were eligible to participate. Of the eligible patients, 72% (n=231) enrolled and 82% (n=190) of enrolled patients had an accompanying partner or spouse who also enrolled. A total of 77% (34/44) of patients who received a cancer diagnosis and 72% (26/36) of their spouses or partners were retained through 9 months, while 80% (53/66) of patients who received a benign diagnosis and 68% (42/62) of their partners were retained.
CONCLUSIONS: Prospective recruitment of patients undergoing diagnostic biopsy and their partners is feasible and requires both strategic collaboration with providers and concerted prescreening and recruitment efforts by study staff. Importantly, this study was able to conduct all study activities online without disrupting clinical workflow and without requiring patients and their spouses or partners to come into the laboratory. Consideration should be given to the ratio of biopsies to cancer diagnoses, which can vary significantly by cancer type. Prospective studies are needed and can inform our ability to provide effective support earlier to couples facing a possible cancer diagnosis. Future studies should examine other tumor types that have received less attention in QoL studies, include behavioral and neurobiological assessments beyond self-report measures, and follow couples beyond 9 months in order to examine long-term effects on QoL.
UNASSIGNED: DERR1-10.2196/52361.

UNASSIGNED: The participation of older people in research and development processes has long been called for but has not been sufficiently put into practice. In addition, participation is often late and not particularly intensive, so that certain older groups of people are underrepresented in the development of health technologies (HT). Heterogeneity, e.g., between urban and rural populations, in access to and motivation for participation is also rarely taken into account. The aim of this study was to investigate form and phases of participation for hard-to-reach older people in the research and development process of HT.
UNASSIGNED: The qualitative study among multipliers was conducted using focus groups and telephone interviews and took place in a city and an adjacent rural area in northwestern Lower Saxony, Germany. A content analysis of the data was undertaken using deductive-inductive category formation.
UNASSIGNED: Seventeen participants (13 female) took part in the study (median age 61, 33-73). Participants from both areas identified particular forms and phases of participation in the research and development process. Longer forms of participation for hard-to-reach groups and the development process of technologies for older people from the rural area were viewed as challenges. Passive and active access strategies are needed to achieve sufficient heterogeneity in the research and development process. Trusted multipliers can play an important role in gaining access to hard-to-reach older people, but also during the research process. Apart from facilitating factors (e.g., age-specific study materials), inhibiting factors such as contact anxieties are also indicated. Only urban participants mention financial/material incentives and community as possible motivations.
UNASSIGNED: The results provide important insights from the perspective of multipliers. They show specificities in access and participation for rural areas and for hard-to-reach older people. Many older people may have uncertainties about research projects and HT. Multipliers can assume a key role to help reduce these uncertainties in the future.

UNASSIGNED: Recruitment and retention pose a significant challenge to Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) research. Returning AD biomarker results to participants has been proposed as a means to improve recruitment and retention. We present findings related to participant satisfaction, utility, and impact on research attitudes from the amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) disclosure sub-study within the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer\'s Prevention (WRAP).
UNASSIGNED: Ninety-nine cognitively unimpaired WRAP participants learned their amyloid PET results (mean age ± SD = 72.0 ± 4.8). Measures of reasons for wanting to learn results, study comprehension, result utility, visit satisfaction, research attitudes, and future study enrollment willingness were collected. Between-group, chi-squared analysis was conducted to determine differences by result type (elevated vs. not elevated amyloid PET result) in study comprehension, result utility, and visit satisfaction. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate changes in research attitudes and enrollment willingness as a function of time, amyloid result type (elevated/not elevated), and their interaction.
UNASSIGNED: The reasons most frequently endorsed for wanting to learn amyloid PET result was a \"desire to contribute to research on Alzheimer\'s disease dementia\" and \"to inform preventative measures [one] might take (e.g., change diet, exercise, or other lifestyle changes).\" Overall, participants reported understanding the results and found learning them useful. Satisfaction with the study visits was overwhelmingly high, with over 80% agreeing with visit usefulness and their satisfaction. Few differences were found between participants who learned an elevated and not elevated result. Over the course of the study, participants who learned an elevated amyloid PET result reported higher willingness to enroll in drug trials (beta: 0.12, p = 0.01) and lifestyle interventions (beta: 0.10, p = 0.02) compared to participants who learned a not elevated result.
UNASSIGNED: Formal incorporation of disclosure practices may encourage participant recruitment and retention within AD research.
UNASSIGNED: Participants wanted to learn their amyloid results to contribute to research.Satisfaction with disclosure and post-disclosure visits was high overall.Returning AD biomarkers can increase willingness to participate in research.