溶解的微量元素(DTE)污染对环境的影响越来越被人们所理解。青藏高原东南缘是一个环境脆弱性较高的地区,使其极易受到各种人为干扰的影响。澜沧江(LCR)作为该地区最具代表性的河流,作为东南亚最大的国际河流,LCR对下游地区至关重要,支持渔业,农业,甚至经济发展,为这些地区赢得了“水塔”的称号。本研究主要集中在上游未建坝区。在这项研究中,我们从LCR上游收集了25个地表水样本,并检查了地理分布,主要来源,以及七种溶解的微量元素(Mn,Cr,Fe,Co,Cu,Ni,锌)。Cr,Fe,Co,Ni,干流中的铜主要与天然来源有关,包括岩石风化,土壤侵蚀,和类似的过程。Mn,然而,主要来源于工业建筑和道路交通等人类活动。锌主要来源于高原地区青麦专用肥料。几乎所有的DTE浓度都表现出从上游到下游的下降趋势。然而,由于沿途各种来源的投入,会有一些不正常的地方。研究区域的DTE浓度均在中国饮用水标准规定的可接受范围内,美国,和世界卫生组织。总的来说,这个地区的水质被认为是好的。蒙特卡罗模拟评估健康风险的结果表明,DTE在澜沧江上游引起的非致癌健康风险非常小。DTE危害人类健康的主要途径是摄入,儿童特别脆弱。这些发现为了解DTE在水生环境中的迁移以及澜沧江的生态管理提供了重要的科学依据。
The environmental impact of dissolved trace element (DTE) pollution is becoming increasingly well understood. The southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a region with high environmental vulnerability, making it highly susceptible to various anthropogenic disturbances. The Lancang River (LCR), as the most representative river in this area, serving as the largest international river in Southeast Asia, the LCR is crucial for the downstream regions, supporting fisheries, agriculture, and even economic development, earning it the title of the \"water tower\" for these areas. This study mainly focuses on the upstream unbuilt dam area. In this study, we gathered 25 surface water samples from the upstream of the LCR and examined the geographical distribution, primary sources, and associated human health risks of seven dissolved trace elements (Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn). Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in the main stream are primarily associated with natural sources, including rock weathering, soil erosion, and similar processes. Mn, however, predominantly originates from human activities such as industrial construction and road transportation. Zn mainly originates from the specialized fertilizers used for highland barley in plateau regions. Almost all DTE concentrations exhibited a downward trend from upstream to downstream. However, due to inputs from various sources along the way, there will be some abnormal points. The concentrations of DTE in the study area were within the acceptable limits set by drinking water standards in China, the USA, and the WHO. Overall, the water quality in this region is considered good. The results from a Monte Carlo simulation assessing health risks indicate that the non-carcinogenic health risk caused by DTE in the upper reaches of Lancang River was very weak. The primary pathway through which DTE can harm human health is ingestion, with children being particularly vulnerable. These findings offer a critical scientific basis for understanding the migration of DTE in aquatic environments and for the ecological stewardship of the Lancang River.