背景:心房颤动(AF)的脉冲场消融(PFA)是临床实践中的一种新方法。尽管PFA在房颤消融术中具有良好的安全性,罕见的肾衰竭病例,可能是溶血,最近有报道。
目的:这项研究的目的是确定在不同电场强度的体外PFA过程中溶血和心肌细胞死亡的速率。
方法:使用216个双极脉冲对健康志愿者和小鼠HL-1心肌细胞系的血液样本进行体外不可逆电穿孔(IRE),每个持续2μs,间隔5μs,以1Hz的频率重复20次。这些脉冲在500到1500V之间变化。用分光光度法评估无细胞血红蛋白水平,使用流式细胞术评估红细胞微粒(RBCμ)。使用碘化丙锭定量心肌细胞死亡。
结果:PF能量(1000V/cm,1250V/cm,和1500V/cm)与无细胞血红蛋白显着增加(0.31±0.16g/l,2.33±0.90g/l,和5.7±0.20g/l,p<0.05),RBCμ浓度的增加相似。在750V/cm的电场强度下观察到显著的心肌细胞死亡率,1000V/cm,1250V/cm和1500V/cm(26.5±5.9%,44.3±6.2%,55.5±6.9%和74.5±17.8%的心肌细胞,p<0.05)。
结论:在1500V/cm下观察到最有效的体外细胞死亡诱导。这种强度也与显著程度的溶血有关。
BACKGROUND: Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a new method in clinical practice. Despite a favorable safety profile of PFA in AF ablation, rare cases of renal failure, probably due to hemolysis, have been recently reported.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of hemolysis and cardiac cell death during in vitro PFA with different electric field intensities.
METHODS: Blood samples from healthy volunteers and mouse HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell lines were subjected to in vitro irreversible electroporation (IRE) using 216 bipolar pulses, each lasting 2 μs with 5 μs intervals, repeated 20 times at a frequency of 1 Hz. These pulses varied in from 500 to 1500 V. Cell-free hemoglobin levels were assessed spectrophotometrically, and red blood cell microparticles (RBCμ) were evaluated using flow cytometry. Cardiomyocyte death was quantified using propidium iodide.
RESULTS: PF energy (1000 V/cm, 1250 V/cm, and 1500 V/cm) was associated with a significant increase in cell-free hemoglobin (0.31 ± 0.16 g/l, 2.33 ± 0.90 g/l, and 5.7 ± 0.20 g/l, p< 0.05), and similar increase in the concentration of RBCμ. Significant rates of cardiomyocyte death were observed at electric field strengths of 750 V/cm, 1000 V/cm, 1250 V/cm and 1500 V/cm (26.5 ± 5.9%, 44.3 ± 6.2%, 55.5 ± 6.9% and 74.5 ± 17.8% of cardiomyocytes, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The most effective induction of cell death in vitro was observed at 1500 V/cm. This intensity was also associated with a significant degree of hemolysis.