已知大豆粉能够引起早期断奶仔猪的肠道损伤和功能障碍。然而,对可以减轻这些影响的天然化合物的研究很少。在这项研究中,木犀草素的作用,黄酮类天然植物多酚,探讨了以豆粕为基础的饲粮对仔猪肠道健康的影响。选取21日龄仔猪共18头,随机分为三组:阴性对照组饲喂以动物蛋白为主的日粮,以豆粕为基础的饮食的阳性对照组,和用添加木犀草素的阳性对照饮食喂养的木犀草素组。结果表明,添加木犀草素显著提高了早期断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI),同时有效降低腹泻发生率。此外,补充木犀草素降低了大豆抗原特异性IgG和IgE抗体的水平,增加血清和小肠粘膜中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,提高血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。进一步研究发现,添加木犀草素可增加肠绒毛高度,降低隐窝深度,导致绒毛与隐窝的比例增加。同时,它降低了血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)的浓度,改善肠道屏障功能。此外,木犀草素能显著降低肠黏膜Bax和Caspase-3基因的表达,减少细胞凋亡。补充木犀草素还增加了门水平的放线菌的丰度,降低了Prevotella的丰度,并在属水平上增加了Olsenella的丰度。总之,在豆粕日粮中添加木犀草素能够有效减少过敏反应,提高早期断奶仔猪的抗氧化能力,保护他们的肠道屏障功能,抑制肠粘膜细胞凋亡,改变肠道微生物群结构,从而促进早期断奶仔猪的肠道健康和提高生产性能。
Soybean meal is known to be able to cause intestinal damage and dysfunction in early-weaned piglets. However, research on natural compounds that can alleviate these effects is scarce. In this study, the effect of luteolin, a flavonoid natural plant polyphenol, on intestinal health of piglets fed on soybean meal based diet was explored. A total of eighteen 21-day-old piglets were selected and randomly divided into three groups: a negative control group fed with an animal protein-based diet, a positive control group fed with a soybean meal -based diet, and a luteolin group that was fed with the positive control diet supplemented with luteolin. The results suggested that luteolin supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of early-weaned piglets, while effectively reducing the diarrhea incidence. Additionally, luteolin supplementation lowered the levels of soybean antigen-specific IgG and IgE anitbodies, increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both sera and small intestine mucosa, and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in sera. Further research found that luteolin supplementation increased the intestinal villi height and decreased the crypt depth, resulting in an increased ratio of villi to crypts. At the same time, it reduced the concentration of serum diamine oxidase (DAO), improving intestinal barrier function. Moreover, luteolin significantly decreased the gene expression of Bax and Caspase-3, reducing cell apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa. Luteolin supplementation also increased the abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level, reduced the abundance of Prevotella and increased the abundance of Olsenella at the genus level. In conclusion, the supplementation of luteolin to the soybean meal diet was capable of effectively reducing allergic response, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of early-weaned piglets, protecting their intestinal barrier function, inhibiting intestinal mucosal cell apoptosis, and altering the intestinal microbiota structure, therefore promoting intestinal health and improving production performance in early-weaned piglets.