花卉温度是一种花卉特征,有可能影响开花植物及其传粉者的适应性。同样,花卉温度图案的存在,整个花朵温度不同的区域,可能会对双方的健康产生类似的影响。目前人们对花卉温度在不同天气条件的影响下如何变化知之甚少,以及花卉特征如何调节这些变化。花卉温度随天气条件变化的方式将影响花卉温度随时间的稳定程度及其对植物和传粉者的效用。花温线索的稳定性可能促进植物-传粉媒介的有效相互作用,并在植物的繁殖成功中发挥作用。我们使用热成像来监测四种植物的花卉温度和温度模式(Cistus\“雪火\”和\“白雪公主\”,金鸡菊和天竺葵)随几个天气变量(照明,温度;风速;云量;湿度和压力)在传粉者活跃的时期。所有天气变量都会影响一个或多个物种的花卉温度。这些关系的方向性在物种之间相似。在所有物种中,光照条件(光照)对整体花卉温度的影响最大。花卉温度和花朵显示出对比温度模式的程度主要受光照条件的影响。然而,几个天气变量有额外的,较小,影响力。此外,花卉性状的差异,色素沉着和结构,可能导致物种和同一花的不同部分对给定条件的温度响应不同。然而,如果花朵受到适度的光照,则在大多数条件下都能保持花温和足以被传粉者检测到的对比温度模式。这表明花卉温度升高的存在和相反的温度模式是相当恒定的,并且可能有可能影响整个天气条件下植物与传粉者的相互作用。
Floral temperature is a flower characteristic that has the potential to impact the fitness of flowering plants and their
pollinators. Likewise, the presence of floral temperature patterns, areas of contrasting temperature across the flower, can have similar impacts on the fitness of both mutualists. It is currently poorly understood how floral temperature changes under the influence of different weather conditions, and how floral traits may moderate these changes. The way that floral temperature changes with weather conditions will impact how stable floral temperatures are over time and their utility to plants and
pollinators. The stability of floral temperature cues is likely to facilitate effective plant-pollinator interactions and play a role in the plant\'s reproductive success. We use thermal imaging to monitor how floral temperatures and temperature patterns of four plant species (Cistus \'snow fire\' and \'snow white\', Coreopsis verticillata and Geranium psilostemon) change with several weather variables (illumination, temperature; windspeed; cloud cover; humidity and pressure) during times that
pollinators are active. All weather variables influenced floral temperature in one or more species. The directionality of these relationships was similar across species. In all species, light conditions (illumination) had the greatest influence on floral temperatures overall. Floral temperature and the extent to which flowers showed contrasting temperature patterns were influenced predominantly by light conditions. However, several weather variables had additional, lesser, influences. Furthermore, differences in floral traits, pigmentation and structure, likely resulted in differences in temperature responses to given conditions between species and different parts of the same flower. However, floral temperatures and contrasting temperature patterns that are sufficiently elevated for detection by
pollinators were maintained across most conditions if flowers received moderate illumination. This suggests the presence of elevated floral temperature and contrasting temperature patterns are fairly constant and may have potential to influence plant-pollinator interactions across weather conditions.