Abstract：
The assessment of pesticide risks to bees in North America currently relies in part on Tier 1 honey bee laboratory toxicity studies to support the registration and registration review processes for crop protection chemicals. For immature stages, the studies follow two standardized test designs recommended by the Organization for Economic Cooperation (OECD), evaluating acute (seven-day single-dose, TG OECD 237) and chronic (22-day repeated-dose, GD OECD 239) toxicity in bee larvae. In this article, we aim to evaluate the current approach for generating and interpreting honey bee larval toxicity data, enhancing pesticide risk assessment for pollinators. First, by considering that the repeated-dose larval study covers all stages of honey bee brood development up to adult emergence, we compared endpoints (larval LD/ED50 and LC/EC50 values) from seven-day acute exposure studies with the 22-day chronic exposure studies. Our goal was to identify the study design offering greater sensitivity in assessing pesticide toxicity to immature bees. Our second objective involved analyzing available weight data from emerged adults and comparing it to survival endpoints (e.g., NOEL and LD50) to determine if the weight after adult emergence would accurately represent a sensitive indicator of pesticide effects on developing honey bees. Our analysis determined that the use of a single 22-day chronic exposure study adequately covers all immature stages and that the toxicity values based on cumulative dose are more accurate and representative measures of exposure for immature bees than using endpoints based on estimated daily doses. Furthermore, our analysis suggests that measuring the weight of emerged adults was a more sensitive indicator than mortality of treatment-related effects in 22% of the compounds included in our analysis. Here we also discuss the importance of standardized protocols for proper collection of weight after emergence and the need for further discussion on the relevance of this parameter at risk assessment scheme. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-11. © 2024 SETAC.
摘要：
目前，北美对蜜蜂的农药风险评估部分依赖于一级蜜蜂实验室毒性研究，以支持作物保护化学品的注册和注册审查程序。对于不成熟的阶段，这些研究遵循经济合作组织(OECD)推荐的两种标准化测试设计，评估急性（七天单剂量，TGOECD237）和慢性（22天重复剂量，GDOECD239)对蜜蜂幼虫的毒性。在这篇文章中,我们的目标是评估目前产生和解释蜜蜂幼虫毒性数据的方法，加强传粉者的农药风险评估。首先,考虑到重复剂量的幼虫研究涵盖了蜜蜂幼体发育直至成年的所有阶段，我们比较了7天急性暴露研究和22天慢性暴露研究的终点(幼虫LD/ED50和LC/EC50值).我们的目标是确定在评估农药对未成熟蜜蜂的毒性方面提供更大灵敏度的研究设计。我们的第二个目标涉及分析来自成年成年人的可用体重数据，并将其与生存终点进行比较(例如，NOEL和LD50），以确定成年后的体重是否可以准确地代表农药对发育中的蜜蜂的影响的敏感指标。我们的分析确定，使用单个22天的慢性暴露研究可以充分涵盖所有未成熟阶段，并且与使用基于估计的每日剂量的终点相比，基于累积剂量的毒性值对未成熟蜜蜂的暴露更准确和具有代表性。此外，我们的分析表明,在我们分析的22%化合物中,测量成年患者的体重是比治疗相关效应死亡率更敏感的指标.在这里，我们还讨论了标准化协议在出现后正确收集体重的重要性，以及需要进一步讨论该参数在风险评估方案中的相关性。国际环境评估管理2024；00：1-11。©2024SETAC。
