Abstract：
The rapid increase in global plastic production and usage has led to global environmental contamination, with microplastics (MPs) emerging as a significant concern. Pollinators provide a crucial ecological service, while bee populations have been declining in recent years, and MPs have been recognized as a new risk factor contributing to their losses. Despite the pervasive distribution and persistence of MPs, understanding their risks to honey bees remains a critical knowledge gap. This review summarizes recent studies that investigate the toxicity of MPs on honey bee health from different perspectives. The findings revealed diverse and material-/size-/dosage-dependent outcomes, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessments in the follow-up studies. MPs have been detected in honey and in bees\' organs (e.g., gut and brain), posing potential threats to bee fitness, including altered behavior, cognitive abilities, compromised immunity, and dysfunction of the gut microbiota. It should be noticed that despite several laboratory studies suggesting the aforementioned adverse effects of MPs, field/semi-field experiments are still warranted. The synergistic toxicity of MPs with other environmental contaminants (pesticides, antibiotics, fungicides, heavy metals, etc.) still requires further investigation. Our review highlights the critical need to understand the relationships between MPs, pollinators, and the ecosystem to mitigate potential risks and ensure the sustainability of vital services provided by honey bees.
摘要：
全球塑料生产和使用量的快速增长导致了全球环境污染，微塑料(MP)正在成为一个重要的问题。传粉者提供了至关重要的生态服务，虽然近年来蜜蜂数量一直在下降，议员们被认为是导致他们损失的新风险因素。尽管国会议员的普遍分布和坚持，了解它们对蜜蜂的风险仍然是一个关键的知识差距。本文综述了近年来从不同角度研究MPs对蜜蜂健康毒性的研究。研究结果表明，不同的和材料/大小/剂量依赖的结果，强调在后续研究中需要进行全面评估。在蜂蜜和蜜蜂器官中检测到MPs(例如，肠道和大脑)，对蜜蜂健康构成潜在威胁，包括改变的行为，认知能力,免疫力受损,和肠道微生物群的功能障碍。应该注意的是，尽管一些实验室研究表明国会议员的上述不利影响，现场/半现场实验仍然是必要的。MP与其他环境污染物(农药，抗生素,杀菌剂，重金属,等。)仍需进一步调查。我们的审查强调了了解议员之间关系的迫切需要，传粉者,和生态系统，以减轻潜在风险，并确保蜜蜂提供的重要服务的可持续性。
