植物cinerariaL.亚种。已经研究了cineraria作为broomrap胚根生长抑制剂的潜在来源。后者是对农业构成威胁的杂草,几乎没有可用的控制虫害的方法。从苦瓜亚种中分离出四种倍半萜内酯。灰霉病地上部分,并被确定为异ocnicin,cnicin,salonitenolide,和11β,13-二氢盐内酯,使用光谱学,光谱,和光学方法。Salonitenolide和11β,首次从该植物中分离出13-二氢盐内酯。在1.0-0.1mM的条件下对播间油菜物种Phelipancheramosa进行了测试,奥班奇小调,Orobanchecrenata,和Orobanchecumana,isocnicin,cnicin,和salonitenolide在最高浓度下表现出显着的抑制活性(在大多数情况下超过80%)。构效关系的结论表明了α的显著性,β-不饱和内酯环。此外,salonitenolide的合成乙酰化衍生物在所有测试的化合物中显示出最强的活性,在不同浓度下具有接近100%的抑制作用,这与不同的亲脂性和其结构中不存在H键供体原子有关。提取物和化合物均未表现出刺激油菜发芽的活性(诱导自杀发芽)。这些发现突出了苦瓜产生生物活性化合物用于管理寄生杂草的潜力,并促使进一步研究其倍半萜内酯作为开发基于天然产物的除草剂的工具。
The plant Centaurea cineraria L. subsp. cineraria has been investigated as a potential source of inhibitors of broomrape radicle growth. The latter are weeds that pose a threat to agriculture and for which there are few methods available for the control of infestations. Four sesquiterpene lactones have been isolated from C. cineraria L. subsp. cineraria aerial parts and identified as isocnicin, cnicin, salonitenolide, and 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide using spectroscopic, spectrometric, and optical methods. Salonitenolide and 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide have been isolated for the first time from this plant. Tested at 1.0-0.1 mM against the broomrape species
Phelipanche ramosa, Orobanche minor, Orobanche crenata, and Orobanche cumana, isocnicin, cnicin, and salonitenolide demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity (over 80% in most of the cases) at the highest concentrations. Structure-activity relationship conclusions indicated the significance of the α,β-unsaturated lactone ring. In addition, the synthetic acetylated derivative of salonitenolide showed the strongest activity among all compounds tested, with inhibitions close to 100% at different concentrations, which has been related to a different lipophilicity and the absence of H-bond donor atoms in its structure. Neither the extracts nor the compounds exhibited the stimulating activity of broomrape germination (induction of suicidal germination). These findings highlight the potential of C. cineraria to produce bioactive compounds for managing parasitic weeds and prompt further studies on its sesquiterpene lactones as tools in developing natural product-based herbicides.