目的:女王被认为是诱导排卵者。没有男性接触的排卵通常被认为是自发的。这项研究的目的是提供出于生殖和非生殖原因而提供给兽医护理机构的完整皇后群体中自发排卵发生率的估计。次要目标是确定年龄的作用,品种,体重,汤姆猫或其他自行车皇后的存在,以及在触发自发排卵时与人类的身体接触,以及它的含义。
方法:在2020年1月至2023年6月之间从青春期后完整皇后的血清样本提交给帕多瓦大学兽医教学医院,意大利,检索并测定孕酮(P4)水平。血清P4高于2.0ng/ml,没有男性接触史,被认为是自发排卵的证据。
结果:总计,从29个完整的青春期后女王获得31份血清样品。在31个样本中,14的P4浓度高于2.0ng/ml,9/29(31.0%)的皇后自发排卵。9个自然排卵皇后的平均年龄和体重分别为4.3±5.7岁和3.7±0.8公斤,分别。一位女王在6个月大时第一次发火时自发排卵,这使得它成为最早的自发排卵报道。
结论:由于我们的发现和以前的出版物都表明,皇后区自发排卵的发生率始终为30%,猫不应该被认为是严格诱导的排卵者,但是作为一种可以自发或诱导排卵的物种。由于孕激素依赖性疾病的风险(囊性子宫内膜增生-子宫内膜增生,猫乳腺肥大)在这些女王中增加,兽医应该意识到并相应地建议育种者和客户。
雌性猫在交配时通过雄性阴茎的尖刺产生的阴道刺激排卵,这使得它们诱导排卵。当排卵没有男性接触时,它被认为是自发的。有几个因素被认为有助于这种非诱导排卵,但对它们的相关性没有共识。这项研究的目的是提供提供给兽医护理机构的各种品种的完整雌性猫种群的自发排卵率的估计。以及年龄等因素的影响,品种,体重,有公猫或其他骑自行车的雌性,以及与人类的身体接触引发自发排卵。此外,对孕酮暴露可能产生的影响进行了评估.对提交给帕多瓦大学兽医教学医院的成年骑自行车母猫的血清中的孕酮进行了回顾性分析,意大利,2020年1月至2023年6月。在没有男性接触史的情况下高于2.0ng/ml的值被认为是自发排卵的证据。在29只猫中,9人(31%)自发排卵,一名女性在青春期(6个月大)这样做,这使得它成为青春期女王中首次报道的自发排卵。由于在我们和以前关于这个主题的出版物中发现自发排卵的发生率超过30%,我们建议猫应该被认为是诱导和自发排卵的物种。由于动物自发排卵,因此经历额外的黄体期,患黄体酮依赖性疾病的风险更高,兽医应该意识到并相应地建议育种者和客户。
OBJECTIVE: The queen is recognised as an induced ovulator.
Ovulation without male contact is generally regarded as spontaneous. The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the incidence of spontaneous
ovulation in a population of intact queens presented to a veterinary care facility for both reproductive and non-reproductive reasons. The secondary objective was to determine the roles of age, breed, body weight, presence of tom cats or other cycling queens, and physical contact with humans on triggering spontaneous ovulation, along with its implications.
METHODS: Serum samples from post-pubertal intact queens presented between January 2020 and June 2023 to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padova, Italy, were retrieved and assayed for progesterone (P4) levels. Serum P4 above 2.0 ng/ml without a history of male contact was considered as proof of spontaneous ovulation.
RESULTS: In total, 31 serum samples from 29 intact post-pubertal queens were obtained. Of the 31 samples, 14 had a P4 concentration above 2.0 ng/ml and 9/29 (31.0%) queens ovulated spontaneously. The mean age and weight of the nine spontaneously ovulating queens were 4.3 ± 5.7 years and 3.7 ± 0.8 kg, respectively. One queen ovulated spontaneously at her first heat at 6 months of age, which makes it the earliest spontaneous ovulation reported.
CONCLUSIONS: As both our findings and previous publications indicate that the incidence of spontaneous ovulation in queens is consistently ⩾30%, cats should not be considered strictly induced ovulators, but as a species in which ovulation can be either spontaneous or induced. Since the risk of progesterone-dependent conditions (cystic endometrial hyperplasia - pyometra complex, feline mammary hypertrophy) is increased in these queens, veterinarians should be aware and advise breeders and clients accordingly.
Female cats ovulate upon vaginal stimulation exerted by the spikes of the male’s penis while mating, which makes them induced ovulators. When
ovulation occurs without male contact, it is considered spontaneous. There are several factors that are thought to facilitate this non-induced
ovulation, but no consensus on their relevance. The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the rate of spontaneous
ovulation in a population of intact female cats of various breeds presented to a veterinary care facility, as well as the influence of factors such as age, breed, body weight, presence of male cats or other cycling females, and physical contact with humans on triggering spontaneous ovulation. In addition, possible implications arising from progesterone exposure were assessed.Progesterone was retrospectively assayed in the serum of adult cycling female cats presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padova, Italy, between January 2020 and June 2023. Values above 2.0 ng/ml without a history of male contact were considered proof of spontaneous ovulation. Out of 29 cats, nine (31%) ovulated spontaneously, with one female having done so at puberty (6 months of age), which makes it the first spontaneous ovulation ever reported in a pubertal queen.As spontaneous ovulation has been found to occur at a rate of more than 30% both in our and in previous publications on this topic, we propose that cats should be considered both an induced and a spontaneously ovulating species. Since animals that ovulate spontaneously, and therefore experience additional luteal phases, are at a higher risk of developing progesterone-dependent conditions, veterinarians should be aware and advise breeders and clients accordingly.