空气污染是一个至关重要的全球性问题,其影响范围超出了呼吸健康。显著影响神经和精神疾病。新的证据表明暴露于细颗粒物(PM<2.5µm)之间存在联系,二氧化硫(SO2),和二氧化氮(NO2)和痴呆症的风险增加,老年痴呆症,精神分裂症,多动症,中风,帕金森病,和多发性硬化症。机制途径包括神经炎症,氧化应激,小胶质细胞激活,脑血管功能障碍,和血脑屏障破坏。流行病学研究表明,城市居民的易感性增加,尤其是男人,中年人,已婚人士,空气污染对心理健康的影响。此外,社会经济因素,例如人均GDP,获得卫生资源,绿色空间,和体育设施,调节这些健康结果。应对这一公共卫生挑战需要更严格的工业排放控制,可持续农业实践,促进清洁能源,并将污染暴露史纳入临床评估。提高公众意识和跨学科研究对于减轻空气污染对神经和精神健康的有害影响至关重要。最终为子孙后代争取一个更清洁、更健康的环境。
Air pollution is a critical global issue with extensive implications beyond respiratory health, significantly affecting neurological and psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence establishes a link between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM < 2.5 µm), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and heightened risks of dementia, Alzheimer\'s disease, schizophrenia, ADHD, stroke, Parkinson\'s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Mechanistic pathways include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, microglial activation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Epidemiological studies indicate increased susceptibility among urban residents, particularly men, middle-aged individuals, and married persons, to the mental health impacts of air pollution. Additionally, socioeconomic factors, such as GDP per capita, access to health resources, green spaces, and sports facilities, modulate these health outcomes. Addressing this public health challenge necessitates stricter industrial emission controls, sustainable agricultural practices, promotion of cleaner energy sources, and incorporation of pollution exposure history into clinical assessments. Enhanced public awareness and interdisciplinary research are vital for mitigating the detrimental effects of air pollution on neurological and psychiatric health, ultimately striving for a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations.