1999年后,全球气候变化和植被恢复计划显着改变了中国大陆的生态质量(EQ)。监测和评估区域EQ的变化并分析其驱动因素对于确保生态恢复和恢复至关重要。然而,仅基于传统的实地调查和实验方法,对一个地区的EQ进行长期大规模的定量评估是一项挑战;特别是,在以前的研究中,碳和水循环以及人类活动对EQ变化的影响尚未得到全面研究。因此,除了遥感数据和主成分分析,我们使用了基于遥感的生态指数(RSEI),评估2000-2021年中国大陆的情商变化。此外,我们还分析了碳和水循环以及人类学活动对RSEI变化的影响。本研究的主要结论是:进入21世纪以来,我们观察到中国大陆和八个气候区的情商变化呈波动上升趋势。从2000年到2021年,就情商而言,华北地区(NN)增长率最高(2.02×10-3year-1,P<0.05)。2011年有一个转折点,该地区的情商经历了变化,从下降趋势到上升趋势。中国西北地区,中国东北,NN描绘了RSEI的总体显着增长趋势,而西南云贵高原(YG)的西南部和长江(长江)河(CJ)河地区的部分平原地区则表现出EQ的显着下降趋势。总的来说,碳和水循环以及人类活动在决定中国大陆情商的空间格局和趋势方面发挥了关键作用。特别是,自校准帕尔默干旱严重程度指数,实际蒸散量(AET),毛初级生产力(3GPP),和土壤含水量(土壤w)被确定为RSEI的关键驱动因素。在青藏高原中西部(QZ)和西北西北地区,RSEI的变化由AET主导;然而,在NN中部,QZ东南部,YG北部,和中央NE,这些变化是由3GPP推动的,在西北东南部地区,东北南部地区,NN北部地区,YG中部地区,以及CJ中部地区的一部分,这些变化是由土壤驱动的。RSEI的人口密度相关变化在北部地区(NN和NW)为正,但在南部地区(SE)为负,而与生态系统服务相关的RSEI变化在东北是积极的,NW,QZ,YG地区。这些结果有利于中国大陆的适应性管理和保护环境,实现绿色和可持续发展战略。
Global climate change and revegetation programs have significantly changed the ecological quality (EQ) in the Chinese mainland after 1999. Monitoring and assessing the changes in the regional EQ and analyzing their drivers are crucial for ensuring ecological restoration and rehabilitation. However, it is challenging to carry out a long-term and large-scale quantitative assessment of the EQ of a region based on traditional field investigations and experiment methods alone; notably, in previous studies, the effects of carbon and water cycles and human activities on the variations in EQ have not been studied comprehensively. Therefore, in addition to remote sensing data and principal component analysis, we used the remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI), to assess the EQ changes in the Chinese mainland during 2000-2021. Additionally, we also analyzed the impacts of carbon and water cycles and anthropological activities on the changes in the RSEI. The main conclusions of this study were: since the beginning of the 21st century, we observed a fluctuating upward trend in the EQ changes in the Chinese mainland and eight climatic regions. From 2000 to 2021, in terms of the EQ, North China (NN) portrayed the highest increase rate (2.02 × 10-3 year-1, P < 0.05). There was a breaking point in 2011, the EQ in the region experienced a change, from a downward trend to an upward one. Northwest China, Northeast China, and NN portrayed an overall significant increasing trend in the RSEI, whereas the southwest part of the Southwest Yungui Plateau (YG) and a part of the plain region of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River (CJ) river region portrayed a significant decreasing trend in the EQ. Overall, the carbon and water cycles and human activities played a pivotal role in determining the spatial patterns and trends of the EQ in the Chinese mainland. In particular, the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index, actual evapotranspiration (AET), gross primary productivity (GPP), and soil water content (Soil_w) were identified as the key drivers of the RSEI. In the central and western Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QZ) and the northwest region of NW, the changes in RSEI were dominated by AET; however, in central NN, southeastern QZ, northern YG, and central NE, the changes were driven by GPP, and in the southeast region of NW, south region of NE, northern region of NN, middle YG region, and a part of the middle CJ region, the changes were driven by Soil_w. The population-density-related change in the RSEI was positive in the northern regions (NN and NW) but negative in the southern regions (SE), whereas the RSEI change related to ecosystem services was positive in the NE, NW, QZ, and YG regions. These results are beneficial for the adaptive management and protection of the environment and the realization of green and sustainable developmental strategies in the Chinese mainland.