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Abstract：
China\'s energy use has increased significantly in recent years with the country\'s rapid economic growth and large-scale urbanization. Therefore, air pollution has become a major issue. In this study, we conducted spatial autocorrelation and spatial panel regression analyses of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions using the panel data of 31 provincial-level administrative units in China during the period 2011-2017 to comprehensively understand the factors affecting air pollutant emissions. This study contributes to the literature by considering comprehensive factors and spatial effects in the panel-data econometric framework of the whole country of China. The analysis of spatial characteristics shows that during the study period, pollutant emissions in China declined, although emissions in northern regions were still relatively high. Furthermore, SO2 and NOX emissions showed significant positive spatial autocorrelations. The results of a fixed-effect spatial lag model showed that both socioeconomic and natural factors were statistically significant for air pollutant emissions, although the degree differed by the type of pollutant. The population, the urbanization rate, the share of added value of secondary industry, and heating and cooling degree days positively affected emissions, while population density, per-capita gross regional product, precipitation, and relative humidity negatively affected emissions. Based on these results, we have put forward suggestions to address the issue of air pollution and achieve environmental sustainability, such as the promotion of regional cooperation and a transition of the economic structure.
摘要：
近年来,随着我国经济的快速增长和大规模的城市化进程,我国的能源使用量大幅增加。因此,空气污染已成为一个主要问题。在这项研究中,利用2011-2017年中国31个省级行政单位的面板数据,对二氧化硫(SO2)和氮氧化物(NOX)排放进行空间自相关和空间面板回归分析,全面了解大气污染物排放的影响因素。本研究通过在中国全国的面板数据计量经济学框架中考虑综合因素和空间效应，为文献做出贡献。空间特征分析表明,在研究期间,中国的污染物排放量下降，尽管北部地区的排放量仍然相对较高。此外，SO2和NOX排放表现出显著的正空间自相关。固定效应空间滞后模型的结果表明,社会经济因素和自然因素对大气污染物排放均有统计学意义,尽管程度因污染物类型而异。人口，城市化率,第二产业增加值份额，加热和冷却天数对排放产生积极影响，而人口密度，人均地区生产总值，降水,和相对湿度对排放产生负面影响。基于这些结果,我们提出了解决空气污染问题和实现环境可持续性的建议，例如促进区域合作和经济结构的转变。
