背景:Itai-itai病是由日本金祖河流域的环境镉(Cd)污染引起的。为减少稻米的Cd污染,对稻田进行了土壤修复。我们评估了土壤修复对原镉污染区居民健康状况的影响。
方法:参与者为1,030名男性和944名女性,他们生活在Cd污染稻田的修复区。第一天早上收集尿液和尿镉,β2-微球蛋白(β2MG),测定N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)水平。年龄之间的关联,土壤恢复前后的居住年限,和尿镉,β2MG,和NAG水平通过多元回归分析进行评估。
结果:男性尿Cd(µg/gCr)的几何平均值(四分位数范围)为1.00(0.58-1.68),女性为1.67(1.02-2.91)。男性尿β2MG(µg/gCr)和NAG(U/gCr)的几何平均值分别为174.6(92.6-234.2)和1.47(0.72-3.14),女性为217.6(115.3-28.7)和1.48(0.73-2.96),分别。尿镉,β2MG,与NAG呈显著正相关(均p<0.01)。土壤恢复前Cd污染区的年龄和居住时间与尿Cd独立相关,β2MG,NAG。在土壤恢复之前居住在该地区的916名参与者中,尿Cd浓度明显较高,因此,男性为1.03倍(95%CI,1.01-1.04),女性为1.03倍(95%CI,1.01-1.05),当土壤恢复前的居住年限每5年递增。相比之下,尿Cd浓度明显降低,因此,男性低0.97倍(95%CI,0.96-0.99),女性低0.97倍(95%CI,0.95-0.99),按土壤恢复后的每5年住宅增量计算。观察到尿β2MG浓度的类似关联,男性或女性尿NAG水平无显著相关性.
结论:原Cd污染区居民的Cd暴露和相关肾小管功能障碍受土壤恢复前环境中Cd暴露的影响。Cd污染地区的土壤恢复减少了当地居民的Cd暴露。
BACKGROUND: Itai-itai disease is caused by environmental cadmium (Cd) pollution in the Jinzu River basin in Japan. To reduce the Cd contamination of rice, soil restoration of paddy fields was carried out. We evaluated the effect of soil restoration on the health status of residents of the former Cd-polluted area.
METHODS: Participants were 1,030 men and 944 women who lived in the area of restoration of Cd-polluted rice paddies. First morning urine was collected and urinary Cd, β2-microglobulin (β2MG), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (
NAG) levels were measured. Associations among age, years of residence before and after soil restoration, and urinary Cd, β2MG, and
NAG levels were evaluated by multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS: The geometric mean (interquartile range) of urinary Cd (µg/g Cr) was 1.00 (0.58-1.68) in men and 1.67 (1.02-2.91) in women. The geometric means of urinary β2MG (µg/g Cr) and
NAG (U/g Cr) were 174.6 (92.6-234.2) and 1.47 (0.72-3.14) in men, and 217.6 (115.3-28.7) and 1.48 (0.73-2.96) in women, respectively. Urinary Cd, β2MG, and
NAG were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01 all). Age and duration of residence in the Cd-polluted area before soil restoration were independently associated with urinary Cd, β2MG, and
NAG. Among the 916 participants who had resided in the area before the soil restoration, urinary Cd concentrations were significantly higher, thus by 1.03-fold (95% CI, 1.01-1.04) in men and 1.03-fold (95% CI, 1.01-1.05) in women, when the years of residence before soil restoration by each 5-years increment. By contrast, urinary Cd concentrations were significantly lower, thus 0.97-fold (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) lower in men and 0.97-fold (95% CI, 0.95-0.99) lower in women, by each 5-year increment of residence after soil restoration. A similar association was observed for urinary β2MG concentration, and no significant association was observed for urinary NAG levels in men or women.
CONCLUSIONS: Cd exposure and associated renal tubular dysfunction in residents of a former Cd-polluted area were influenced by Cd exposure from the environment prior to soil restoration. Soil restoration in Cd-polluted areas reduced the Cd exposure of local residents.