Abstract：
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum that can vary from a subclinical infection to a severe disease. Dogs affected with CanL present varying degrees of renal dysfunction. Unfortunately, traditional biomarkers such as urea and creatinine detect renal damage in advanced stages of the disease, so more accurate biomarkers are needed. Hence, we aimed to study how urinary cystatin C (CysC) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), behave in dogs with CanL at different stages of the disease. Eighty-six CanL infected dogs were classified according to LeishVet stages: LI (16 dogs), LIIa (12 dogs), LIIb (12 dogs), LIII (16 dogs) and LIV (30 dogs); as a control, 17 healthy dogs were studied. Blood samples were collected for complete haematological and biochemistry analysis including plasma cystatin C. Urine analysis included urine specific gravity (USG), urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC), CysC and NAG expressed as a ratio with creatinine uCysCc (μg/g) and uNAGc (IU/g). The haematological, biochemical and urinary analysis coincided with the LeishVet guidelines. The statistical study of the uCysCc ratio and the uNAGc, showed significant increase when compared against control starting from group LI (p < 0.05). Interestingly, when the cut-off values were calculated using the ROC curve, uCysCc (258.85 µg/g) and uNAGc (2.25 IU/g) 75 % of the dogs included in LI groups surpassed the threshold. Hence our study indicates that uCysCc and uNAGc, could help to detect early renal damage in CanL affected dogs.
摘要：
犬利什曼病（CanL）是由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的疾病，可以从亚临床感染到严重疾病。受CanL影响的狗存在不同程度的肾功能障碍。不幸的是,传统的生物标志物，如尿素和肌酐检测肾脏损害在疾病的晚期阶段，所以需要更准确的生物标志物。因此，我们的目的是研究尿胱抑素C（CysC）和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG），在患有CanL的狗中在疾病的不同阶段表现。根据LeishVet阶段对86只CanL感染的狗进行分类：LI（16只狗），LIIa（12只狗），LIIB（12只狗），LIII（16只狗）和LIV（30只狗）；作为对照，研究了17只健康的狗。收集血样进行完整的血液学和生物化学分析，包括血浆胱抑素C。尿液分析包括尿液比重（USG），尿蛋白肌酐比（UPC），CysC和NAG表示为与肌酸酐uCysCc(μg/g)和uNAGc(IU/g)的比率。血液学，生化和尿液分析符合LeishVet指南。uCysCc比率和uNAGc的统计研究，与对照组相比,从LI组开始显示显著增加(p<0.05)。有趣的是,当使用ROC曲线计算截止值时，LI组中包括的uCysCc（258.85µg/g）和uNAGC（2.25IU/g）75％的狗超过了阈值。因此，我们的研究表明uCysCc和uNAGc，可以帮助检测受CanL影响的狗的早期肾损伤。
