金黄色葡萄球菌是一种重要的人类和兽医学病原菌。本研究旨在确定从夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省大德班地区一家当地医院周围不同地点的自由飞行的野鸽和家蝇中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌中抗生素耐药性的患病率。南非。环境粪便样本是从栖息在南滩地区一间本地公立医院的野鸽身上取得的,德班,南非。家蝇样本是从三个不同的地点收集的(肯尼斯·斯坦班克自然保护区,Montclair/Clairwood,和格伦伍德/贝里亚)在更大的德班地区,都在医院附近。浓缩后,identification,和抗菌素耐药性分析,使用煮沸法对金黄色葡萄球菌分离物进行DNA提取。发现252个样品中的57个(22.62%)对金黄色葡萄球菌呈阳性。进行了抗生素敏感性试验的Kirby-Bauer圆盘扩散方法,发现对青霉素和利福平的抗生素耐药率最常见,在57株金黄色葡萄球菌分离物中,有48株(84.2%)对青霉素和利福平耐药。抗生素对克林霉素的耐药率,利奈唑胺,红霉素,四环素,头孢西丁,环丙沙星占82.5%,78.9%,73.7%,63.2%,33.3%,和15.8%。使用引物特异性PCR检测抗生素抗性基因,发现tetM的患病率,aac(6\')-aph(2″),mecA,tetK,ermc,blaZ基因占66.7%,40.4%,40.4%,38.6%,24.6%,分别为3.51%。统计分析显示,tetM之间存在显著(p<0.05)关系,aac(6\')-aph(2″),和ermC基因和所有参数测试。确定了aac(6\')-aph(2”)基因与tetM(0.506)和ermC(-0.386)基因之间的显着相关性。结果发现23株(40.3%)金黄色葡萄球菌mecA阳性,其中19株头孢西丁耐药菌株中有10株(52.6%)为mecA阳性,37株头孢西丁敏感菌株中有13株(35.1%)为mecA阳性。本研究的结果表明,从南非大德班地区一家当地公立医院周围的野鸽和家蝇样本中分离出的甲氧西林和耐多药金黄色葡萄球菌。该研究的结果可能解释了多药耐药葡萄球菌感染的出现。研究结果强调了野鸽和家蝇在包括MRSA在内的耐药致病性金黄色葡萄球菌传播中的重要作用。本研究的结论强调了野生动物和环境作为“一个健康”相互关联的贡献者的重要作用。
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and veterinary pathogen. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolated from samples obtained from free-flying wild pigeons and houseflies from different locations surrounding a local hospital in the Greater Durban area in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Environmental fecal samples were obtained from wild pigeons that inhabits the grounds of a local public hospital located on the South Beach area, Durban, South Africa. Housefly samples were collected from three different locations (Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve, Montclair/Clairwood, and Glenwood/Berea) in the greater Durban area, all within a close proximity to the hospital. Following enrichment, identification, and antimicrobial resistance profiling, S. aureus isolates were subjected to DNA extraction using the boiling method. It was found that 57 out of 252 samples (22.62%) were positive for S. aureus. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method of antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and revealed that antibiotic resistance rates to penicillin and rifampicin were the most common, with both returning 48 (84.2%) out of the 57 S. aureus isolates being resistant to penicillin and rifampicin. Antibiotic resistance rates to clindamycin, linezolid, erythromycin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin were 82.5%, 78.9%, 73.7%, 63.2%, 33.3%, and 15.8% respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected using primer-specific PCR and it was found that the prevalence rates of tetM, aac(6\')-aph(2″), mecA, tetK, ermc, and blaZ genes were 66.7%, 40.4%, 40.4%, 38.6%, 24.6%, and 3.51% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) relationships between the tetM, aac(6\')-aph(2″), and ermC genes and all parameters tested. A significant correlation between the aac(6\')-aph(2″) gene and the tetM (0.506) and ermC (-0.386) genes was identified. It was found that 23 (40.3%) S. aureus isolates were mecA positive, of which 10 (52.6%) out of 19 cefoxitin-resistant isolates were mecA positive and 13 (35.1%) out of 37 cefoxitin-sensitive isolates were mecA positive. The results of the present study demonstrated the detection of methicillin and multidrug resistant S. aureus isolated from samples obtained from wild pigeons and houseflies in the surroundings of a local public hospital in the Greater Durban area in South Africa. The findings of the study may account for the emergence of multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections. The findings highlight the significant role of wild pigeons and houseflies in the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic S. aureus including MRSA. The conclusions of the present study highlight the improtant role of wildlife and the environment as interconnected contributors of One Health.