PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The house fly, Musca domestica, is vector for pathogens and parasites and causes economic damage to livestock by reducing forage conversion efficiency, negatively impacting weight gain and milk production. It has shown resistance to multiple insecticide classes. The aim of this research was to determine the susceptibility levels of seventeen field M. domestica strains to thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide, in Türkiye.
UNASSIGNED: Insecticide susceptibility of the house flies to thiamethoxam was determined using the WHO glass jar method. A probit analysis program was used to determine LD50 values, and then the resistance ratios were compared with insecticide-susceptible strain.
UNASSIGNED: All strains were ≥18.5-fold resistant to thiamethoxam. The data showed that 10 out of 17 strains had either high or very high resistance levels. Our findings revealed that house flies from solid waste landfills in Samsun, Ankara, and Kocaeli exhibited higher resistance ratios compared to those found in animal shelters. Conversely, in Gaziantep, Antalya, İzmir and Erzurum, the exact opposite trend was observed. Regarding the LD50 values among solid waste storage areas, the lowest rate was obtained from Gaziantep (0.72 gr ai/m2), and the highest rate was obtained from Ankara (9.35 gr ai/m2). Furthermore, regarding the LD50 values among animal shelters, the lowest was obtained from Samsun (0.37 gr ai/m2), and the highest was obtained from Denizli (21800 gr ai/m2).
UNASSIGNED: The use of integrated control systems is recommended for controlling house fly populations, including insecticide class rotations for preventing, or at least, delaying the onset of resistance.
UNASSIGNED: Insecticide susceptibility of the house flies to thiamethoxam was determined using the WHO glass jar method. A probit analysis program was used to determine LD50 values, and then the resistance ratios were compared with insecticide-susceptible strain.
UNASSIGNED: All strains were ≥18.5-fold resistant to thiamethoxam. The data showed that 10 out of 17 strains had either high or very high resistance levels. Our findings revealed that house flies from solid waste landfills in Samsun, Ankara, and Kocaeli exhibited higher resistance ratios compared to those found in animal shelters. Conversely, in Gaziantep, Antalya, İzmir and Erzurum, the exact opposite trend was observed. Regarding the LD50 values among solid waste storage areas, the lowest rate was obtained from Gaziantep (0.72 gr ai/m2), and the highest rate was obtained from Ankara (9.35 gr ai/m2). Furthermore, regarding the LD50 values among animal shelters, the lowest was obtained from Samsun (0.37 gr ai/m2), and the highest was obtained from Denizli (21800 gr ai/m2).
UNASSIGNED: The use of integrated control systems is recommended for controlling house fly populations, including insecticide class rotations for preventing, or at least, delaying the onset of resistance.
摘要：
■房子飞，家蝇，是病原体和寄生虫的媒介，并通过降低饲料转化效率对牲畜造成经济损害，对体重增加和产奶量产生负面影响。它已显示出对多种杀虫剂的抗性。这项研究的目的是确定十七个家蝇菌株对噻虫嗪的敏感性水平，一种新烟碱杀虫剂，在蒂尔基耶。
■使用WHO玻璃罐方法确定家蝇对噻虫嗪的杀虫剂敏感性。使用概率分析程序来确定LD50值，然后将抗性比与对杀虫剂敏感的菌株进行比较。
■所有菌株对噻虫嗪的抗性≥18.5倍。数据显示17个菌株中的10个具有高或非常高的抗性水平。我们的发现显示，萨姆松的固体废物填埋场有苍蝇，安卡拉,与动物收容所相比，Kocaeli表现出更高的抗性比率。相反，在加济安泰普,安塔利亚,伊兹密尔和埃尔祖鲁姆，观察到完全相反的趋势。关于固体废物存储区的LD50值，最低的比率是从加济安泰普获得的(0.72grai/m2)，最高的比率来自安卡拉（9.35grai/m2）。此外，关于动物收容所的LD50值，最低的是从Samsun获得的(0.37grai/m2)，最高的是从Denizli(21800grai/m2)获得的。
■建议使用集成控制系统来控制家蝇种群，包括用于预防的杀虫剂类轮换，或者至少,延迟抵抗的开始。
■使用WHO玻璃罐方法确定家蝇对噻虫嗪的杀虫剂敏感性。使用概率分析程序来确定LD50值，然后将抗性比与对杀虫剂敏感的菌株进行比较。
■所有菌株对噻虫嗪的抗性≥18.5倍。数据显示17个菌株中的10个具有高或非常高的抗性水平。我们的发现显示，萨姆松的固体废物填埋场有苍蝇，安卡拉,与动物收容所相比，Kocaeli表现出更高的抗性比率。相反，在加济安泰普,安塔利亚,伊兹密尔和埃尔祖鲁姆，观察到完全相反的趋势。关于固体废物存储区的LD50值，最低的比率是从加济安泰普获得的(0.72grai/m2)，最高的比率来自安卡拉（9.35grai/m2）。此外，关于动物收容所的LD50值，最低的是从Samsun获得的(0.37grai/m2)，最高的是从Denizli(21800grai/m2)获得的。
■建议使用集成控制系统来控制家蝇种群，包括用于预防的杀虫剂类轮换，或者至少,延迟抵抗的开始。
