我们的目标是审查非生殖的动机和障碍,人类来源的活物质(SoHO)捐赠,并将现有类型扩展到血液之外。SoHO收集的扩大目前是活着的捐助者增加所无法比拟的。因此,迫切需要了解如何有效地招募和留住捐助者,以确保SoHO的可持续供应。我们对已出版的,同行评审的文献报道了SoHO捐献的动机和/或障碍(全血,血液制品[2009-2023],骨髓/干细胞,脐带血,器官,人类母乳,肠道微生物群[2000-2023])。通过定向定性内容分析,使用主要来自献血研究的动机/障碍的扩展类型来解释结果,并随后根据结果进行完善,以纳入其他SoHO。234篇文章,237项研究符合审查标准。大多数是定量的(74.3%),在西方国家进行(63.8%),重点是献血(64.2%),报告了动机和障碍(51.9%),未按捐赠者特征或病史检查差异(74%).我们提出了修订的类型学,其中包括捐献血液以外物质的动机/障碍。这表明,虽然捐赠的物质存在更广泛的动机和障碍,子类别水平存在关键差异,这可能是先前干预结果异质性的原因.不同SoHO的动机和障碍类别的细微差别对于采血机构来说至关重要,因为他们试图将产品收集范围扩大到全血以外,等离子体,和血小板。关于主题的知识是什么?:血液收集机构(BCA)继续将SoHO产品收集范围扩大到全血以外,等离子体,和血小板。对SoHO的需求目前是活生生捐助者增加无法比拟的。了解如何招募新的和保留现有的在世捐助者以确保SoHO的可持续供应仍然至关重要。然而,没有可用的综合因素,如动机/促进者和障碍/威慑者,告知我们的理解。什么是新的?:全面审查了所有类型的非生殖生命SoHO捐赠中自愿/实际捐赠者和非捐赠者的动机和障碍的证据。探讨了基于实质的动机和障碍的变化,捐赠者历史和人口统计学差异(性别,年龄,种族或文化)。包括所有非生殖生活SoHO在内的动机和障碍的扩展类型,不仅仅是全血和血液制品。确定虽然在物质之间的总体动力和屏障类别中存在共性(例如,亲社会动机,低自我效能感),在这些更广泛的结构中,在子类别级别存在差异(例如,低自我效能感与资格有关,生活方式的障碍,或根据捐赠的物质缺乏/失去财务或物质资源),这对于未来干预措施的发展以及BCA在扩大SoHO产品收集时考虑至关重要。强调继续关注全血和血液制品捐献的动机和障碍,特别是新的,SoHO;缺乏对较新的SoHO的定性工作;缺乏对基于捐赠者特征(特别是种族/文化)和捐赠者历史的差异的考虑,这限制了我们的理解。未来工作的关键问题是什么?:捐赠新型SoHO(如干细胞)的动机和障碍(在定性和定量研究中)是什么?脐带血,人乳,我们如何制定干预措施来应对不同形式的SoHO中存在的动机和障碍的细微差别,从而有效地鼓励新的和维持持续的捐赠者?
Our objective is to review
motives and barriers for non-reproductive, living substance of human origin (SoHO) donation, and to extend existing typologies beyond blood. The expansion of SoHO collection is currently unmatched by increased living donors. Thus, there is a critical need to understand how to effectively recruit and retain donors to ensure a sustainable supply of SoHO. We undertook a rapid review and narrative synthesis of published, peer-reviewed literature reporting on
motives and/or barriers for living SoHO donation (whole-blood, blood products [2009-2023], bone marrow/stem cells, cord blood, organ, human breast milk, intestinal microbiota [2000-2023]). Results were interpreted through directed qualitative content analysis using an extended typology of motives/barriers largely drawn from blood donation research, and subsequently refined based on results to be inclusive of other SoHO. 234 articles with 237 studies met review criteria. Most were quantitative (74.3%), conducted in Western countries (63.8%), focused on blood donation (64.2%), reported motives and barriers (51.9%) and did not examine differences by donor characteristics or history (74%). We present a revised typology inclusive of
motives/barriers for donation of substances beyond blood. This shows while broader
motives and barriers are shared across substances donated, there are critical differences at the subcategory level that may account for heterogeneity in results of prior interventions. The nuances in how broad categories of
motives and barriers manifest across different SoHO are critical for blood collection agencies to consider as they attempt to expand collection of products beyond whole-blood, plasma, and platelets. WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC?: Blood collection agencies (BCAs) continue to expand SoHO product collection beyond whole-blood, plasma, and platelets. The demand for SoHO is currently unmatched by increased living donors. The need to understand how to recruit new and retain existing living donors to ensure a sustainable supply of SoHO remains critical. However, there is no available synthesis of the factors, such as motives/facilitators and barriers/deterrents, to inform our understanding. WHAT IS NEW?: Comprehensively reviewed evidence for motives and barriers of willing/actual donors and nondonors across all types of non-reproductive living SoHO donation. Explored variations in motives and barriers based on substance, donor history and demographic differences (gender, age, ethnicity or culture). Extended typology of motives and barriers inclusive of all non-reproductive living SoHO, beyond solely whole-blood and blood products. Identified that while there are commonalities in the overarching motive and barrier categories across substances (e.g., prosocial motivation, low self-efficacy), within these broader constructs there are differences at the subcategory level (e.g., low-self efficacy was about eligibility, lifestyle barriers, or lack/loss of financial or material resources depending on the substance donated) that are crucial for development of future interventions and for BCAs to consider as they expand SoHO product collection. Highlighted the continued focus on motives and barriers for whole-blood and blood product donation to the exclusion of other, particularly newer, SoHO; lack of qualitative work for newer SoHO; and lack of consideration of differences based on donor characteristics (especially ethnicity/culture) and donor history, which limits our understanding. WHAT ARE THE KEY QUESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK ON THE TOPIC?: What are the motives and barriers (in both qualitative and quantitative studies) for donation of newer SoHO such as stem cells, cord blood, human milk, and intestinal microbiota? Are there differences in motives and barriers within and across SoHO that are informed by individual and contextual-level factors? How can we develop interventions that respond to the nuances of motives and barriers present across different forms of SoHO that are effective in encouraging new and maintaining continuing donors?