Abstract：
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is multifaceted and can have significant negative consequences. The present study examined the contribution of cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional factors as predictors for IGD severity. In a cross-sectional study, 703 Iranian adolescents (36.8% females, mean age = 16.98 years [SD = 1.23]) completed an online survey. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional factors predicted 7.8%, 17.4%, 1.4%, and 1.9% of the variance in IGD symptoms, respectively. The findings indicated that the cognitive factors including some maladaptive cognitions, such as cognitive salience, regret, and perfectionism, and metacognitive factors including some maladaptive metacognitions (negative metacognitions regarding the uncontrollability of online gaming and negative metacognitions regarding the dangers of online gaming) were significant predictors of IGD severity, highlighting their importance in understanding and predicting problematic gaming behaviors. Although contributing to the variance in IGD, motivational factors (escape, coping, and skill development) and emotional factors including emotion regulation (especially reappraisal) played relatively smaller roles compared to cognitive and metacognitive factors. Of the examined predictive factors, metacognitions were the most important predictor of IGD severity. Exploratory moderator analyses showed significant interactions between three predictors of IGD (reappraisal, negative metacognitions, and cognitive salience) with loneliness, stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Reappraisal was the most frequent predictor and had a significant interaction with these variables. Other predictors independently impacted IGD irrespective of the level of loneliness, stress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms. Based on these findings, special attention to metacognitive, cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors is suggested in the treatment of IGD.
摘要：
互联网游戏障碍（IGD）是多方面的，可能会产生重大的负面影响。本研究考察了认知的贡献，元认知，动机，和情绪因素作为IGD严重程度的预测因子。在一项横断面研究中，703名伊朗青少年(36.8%为女性，平均年龄=16.98岁[SD=1.23])完成了一项在线调查。分层回归分析表明,元认知，动机，和情感因素预测7.8%，17.4%,1.4%,IGD症状变化的1.9%，分别。研究结果表明，认知因素包括一些适应不良的认知，比如认知显著性，后悔,完美主义,元认知因素包括一些适应不良的元认知（关于在线游戏的不可控性的负元认知和关于在线游戏的危险的负元认知）是IGD严重程度的重要预测因子，强调它们在理解和预测有问题的游戏行为方面的重要性。尽管导致了IGD的差异，动机因素(逃避，应对,和技能发展）和包括情绪调节（尤其是重新评估）在内的情绪因素与认知和元认知因素相比发挥的作用相对较小。在检查的预测因素中，元认知是IGD严重程度的最重要预测因子。探索性主持人分析显示，IGD的三个预测因子之间存在显著的相互作用(重新评估，负元认知，和认知显著性)与孤独，压力，焦虑,和抑郁症状。重新评估是最常见的预测因子，并且与这些变量有显著的相互作用。其他预测因素独立影响IGD，无论孤独程度如何，压力，焦虑,或抑郁症状。基于这些发现,特别注意元认知，认知，情感,并提出了治疗IGD的动机因素。
