研究自然资源的利用可能性一直是研究的重要领域。酪氨酸酶抑制活性在食品和医药工业中起着关键作用。草莓树(杨梅),在地中海国家中分布广泛的植物,拥有富含生物活性植物化学物质的果实和叶子,尤其是多酚化合物。在这项研究中,我们旨在研究植物的果实和叶提取物的抗酪氨酸酶活性,并确定有助于抗酪氨酸酶活性的酚类化合物。在这方面,我们使用单纯形质心设计方法评估了溶剂成分对从A.unedo中提取酚类化合物及其抗酪氨酸酶活性的影响,并使用色谱和LC-MS/MS技术。使用EtOH:水(50:50)制备的叶提取物提供了比果实提取物更高的TPC(456.39mgGAE/g提取物),并且丙酮:EtOH:水(33:33:33)提供了更高的TFC(56.15mgQE/g提取物)值。LC-MS/MS分析显示叶提取物(L1-8)中含有23种酚类/类黄酮化合物,主要代谢产物被检测为槲皮苷,奎尼酸,儿茶素,鞣酸,异槲皮苷,没食子酸,还有鞣花酸.在叶提取物中,L3(丙酮:水,50:50)在500μg/mL时表现出72.01%的酪氨酸酶抑制。在抗酪氨酸酶活性指导的分级分离研究之后,其亚组分L3-Fr2在50μg/mL浓度下表现出40.06%的抑制作用(IC50:146±7.75μg/mL),和儿茶素(113.19毫克/克),鞣酸(53.14mg/g),鞣花酸(22.14mg/g),没食子酸(10.27mg/g),表儿茶素没食子酸酯(8.65mg/g)被确定为主要代谢产物。其亚组分L3-Fr2-sub7表现出更好的抗酪氨酸酶活性(IC50:206.23±9.87μg/mL),定量分析结果显示存在单宁酸(127.40mg/g),没食子酸(13.96mg/g),鞣花酸(7.66mg/g),槲皮素-3-O-葡糖苷酸(5.06mg/g),和奎尼酸(3.2mg/g)作为主要代谢产物,相关分析表明鞣花酸和奎尼酸与抗酪氨酸酶活性呈正相关。
Investigation of utilization possibilities of natural sources has been an important area for research. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity plays a key role in food and medicine industry. Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), a widely distributed plant among Mediterranean countries, possess fruits and leaves with rich bioactive phytochemicals, especially polyphenolic compounds. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antityrosinase activity of the fruit and leaf extracts of the plant, and to determine the phenolic compounds that contribute to the antityrosinase activity. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of solvent composition on the extraction of phenolic compounds from A. unedo and on its antityrosinase activity using a simplex centroid design approach, and used chromatographic and LC-MS/MS techniques. The leaf extracts prepared using EtOH:water (50:50) provided higher TPC (456.39 mg GAE/g extract) and acetone:EtOH:water (33:33:33) provided higher TFC (56.15 mg QE/g extract) values than of fruit extracts. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 23 phenolic/flavonoid compounds in leaf extracts (L1-8), and major metabolites were detected as quercitrin, quinic acid, catechin, tannic acid, isoquercitrin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Among the leaf extracts, L3 (aceton:water, 50:50) exhibited 72.01% tyrosinase inhibition at 500 μg/mL. After fractionation studies guided by antityrosinase activity, its subfraction L3-Fr2 exhibited 40.06% inhibition at 50 μg/mL concentration (IC50: 146 ± 7.75 μg/mL), and catechin (113.19 mg/g), tannic acid (53.14 mg/g), ellagic acid (22.14 mg/g), gallic acid (10.27 mg/g), and epicatechin gallate (8.65 mg/g) were determined as major metabolites. Its subfraction L3-Fr2-sub7 exhibited better antityrosinase activity (IC50: 206.23 ± 9.87 μg/mL), and quantitative analysis results revealed the presence of tannic acid (127.40 mg/g), gallic acid (13.96 mg/g), ellagic acid (7.66 mg/g), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (5.06 mg/g), and quinic acid (3.2 mg/g) as major metabolites, and correlation analysis showed that ellagic acid and quinic acid were positively correlated with antityrosinase activity.