PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The skin microbiome maintains healthy human skin, and disruption of the microbiome balance leads to inflammatory skin diseases such as folliculitis and atopic dermatitis. Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes are pathogenic bacteria that simultaneously inhabit the skin and cause inflammatory diseases of the skin through the activation of innate immune responses. Silkworms are useful invertebrate animal models for evaluating innate immune responses. In silkworms, phenoloxidase generates melanin as an indicator of innate immune activation upon the recognition of bacterial or fungal components. We hypothesized that S. aureus and C. acnes interact to increase the innate immunity-activating properties of S. aureus. In the present study, we showed that acidification is involved in the activation of silkworm hemolymph melanization by S. aureus. Autoclaved-killed S. aureus (S. aureus [AC]) alone does not greatly activate silkworm hemolymph melanization. On the other hand, applying S. aureus [AC] treated with C. acnes culture supernatant increased the silkworm hemolymph melanization. Adding C. acnes culture supernatant to the medium decreased the pH. S. aureus [AC] treated with propionic acid, acetic acid, or lactic acid induced higher silkworm hemolymph melanization activity than untreated S. aureus [AC]. S. aureus [AC] treated with hydrochloric acid also induced silkworm hemolymph melanization. The silkworm hemolymph melanization activity of S. aureus [AC] treated with hydrochloric acid was inhibited by protease treatment of S. aureus [AC]. These results suggest that acid treatment of S. aureus induces innate immune activation in silkworms and that S. aureus proteins are involved in the induction of innate immunity in silkworms.
摘要：
皮肤微生物组维持健康的人体皮肤，微生物组平衡的破坏会导致炎症性皮肤病，如毛囊炎和特应性皮炎。金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮杆菌是同时栖息于皮肤并通过激活先天免疫应答引起皮肤炎症性疾病的致病菌。蚕是用于评估先天免疫反应的有用的无脊椎动物动物模型。在蚕中，酚氧化酶在识别细菌或真菌成分时产生黑色素作为先天性免疫激活的指标。我们假设金黄色葡萄球菌和痤疮梭菌相互作用以增加金黄色葡萄球菌的先天免疫激活特性。在本研究中,我们表明，酸化参与了金黄色葡萄球菌激活家蚕血淋巴黑化。高压灭菌杀死的金黄色葡萄球菌(S.金黄色葡萄球菌[AC]）单独不会极大地激活家蚕血淋巴黑化。另一方面,应用经痤疮梭菌培养上清液处理的金黄色葡萄球菌[AC]增加家蚕血淋巴黑化。将痤疮梭菌培养上清液添加到培养基中降低了pH。用丙酸处理的金黄色葡萄球菌[AC]，乙酸,或乳酸诱导家蚕血淋巴黑化活性高于未处理的金黄色葡萄球菌[AC]。盐酸处理的金黄色葡萄球菌[AC]也诱导家蚕血淋巴黑化。蛋白酶处理金黄色葡萄球菌[AC]抑制盐酸处理的家蚕血淋巴黑化活性。这些结果表明，对金黄色葡萄球菌的酸处理可诱导蚕的先天免疫激活，并且金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白参与了蚕先天免疫的诱导。
