作为生态系统的破坏者和各种寄生虫的中间宿主,淡水蜗牛对人类健康有重大的社会经济影响,畜牧业生产,和水产养殖。尽管传统的杀软体动物剂已被广泛用于减轻这些影响,它们对环境的影响鼓励了对替代方案的研究,基于生物的策略来创造更安全的,更有效的杀软体动物剂,减少蜗牛对寄生虫的敏感性。这篇综述的重点是在寄生虫感染的多方面压力下蜗牛葡萄糖代谢的变化,药物暴露,和环境变化,并提出了一种新的蜗牛管理方法。糖酵解途径中的关键酶,如己糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶;三羧酸(TCA)循环;和电子传输链,如琥珀酸脱氢酶和细胞色素C氧化酶,是杀软体动物开发的创新目标。这些靶标可同时影响蜗牛和寄生虫,为寄生虫病防治研究提供了重要方向。第一次,这篇综述总结了逆转TCA循环和替代氧化酶途径,它们是无脊椎动物中独特的代谢旁路,已成为低毒性杀软体动物制剂的合适靶标。此外,它强调了其他代谢途径的重要性,包括乳酸,丙氨酸,糖原分解,和磷酸戊糖途径,在蜗牛能量供应方面,抗氧化应激反应,和药物逃避机制。通过分析应激蜗牛中关键代谢酶及其产物的变化,这篇综述加深了我们对蜗牛葡萄糖代谢改变的理解,并为确定新的药理靶点提供了有价值的见解。
As ecosystem disruptors and intermediate hosts for various parasites, freshwater snails have significant socioeconomic impacts on human health, livestock production, and aquaculture. Although traditional molluscicides have been widely used to mitigate these effects, their environmental impact has encouraged research into alternative, biologically based strategies to create safer, more effective molluscicides and diminish the susceptibility of snails to parasites. This review focuses on alterations in glucose metabolism in snails under the multifaceted stressors of parasitic infections, drug exposure, and environmental changes and proposes a novel approach for snail management. Key enzymes within the glycolytic pathway, such as hexokinase and pyruvate kinase; tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; and electron transport chains, such as succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, are innovative targets for molluscicide development. These targets can affect both snails and parasites and provide an important direction for parasitic disease prevention research. For the first time, this review summarises the reverse TCA cycle and alternative oxidase pathway, which are unique metabolic bypasses in invertebrates that have emerged as suitable targets for the formulation of low-toxicity molluscicides. Additionally, it highlights the importance of other metabolic pathways, including lactate, alanine, glycogenolysis, and pentose phosphate pathways, in snail energy supply, antioxidant stress responses, and drug evasion mechanisms. By analysing the alterations in key metabolic enzymes and their products in stressed snails, this review deepens our understanding of glucose metabolic alterations in snails and provides valuable insights for identifying new pharmacological targets.