民族药理学相关印度传统医学体系,AYUSH(阿育吠陀,瑜伽,Unani,西达,和顺势疗法)具有药典中包含的数千种药用植物的安全使用史(HOSU)的巨大潜力。存在于不同传统使用的药用植物中的植物成分的多目标方法使它们适合用于针对各种感染性病原体的研究的候选者。MAP是一种乳源性病原体,与反刍动物的约翰氏病和克罗恩氏病如人类自身免疫性疾病的发展有关。针对MAP没有可靠的治疗替代方案,留下手术切除肠作为唯一的选择。因此,迫切需要寻找针对这种感染的线索。本研究的目的进行了本综述,以找出有关植物成分对抗鸟分枝杆菌亚种副结核(MAP)的潜力的民族药理学证据,随着潜在的phyto-MAP机制的首次服用抗炎药,免疫调节,以及抗微生物的传统主张。材料和方法我们已经分析和审查了印度的两个主要传统经文的不同卷,即印度的阿育吠陀药典(API)和印度的Unani药典(UPI),分别-根据相关疾病的主张鉴定潜在的抗MAP植物。通过包括GoogleScholar在内的电子数据库,这些植物在过去20年(2002-2022年)的科学出版物中进行了进一步的系统研究,Pubmed,还有Scopus.在体外进行的研究,细胞系,并考虑了体内水平以及植物成分的相关机制。结果共鉴定出70种潜在药用植物。基于民族药理学,已经提出了一种潜在的副结核病(Phyto-paraTB)机制,并且在70种潜在的抗MAP植物中,已经确定了7种具有抗MAP的未来。结论已提出了一种新颖且科学可行的计划,用于解决抗MAP植物,以使用大众信赖的AYUSH药物刺激针对MAP和相关疾病的研究。它可以在耐药病例中用作替代治疗,否则可以被提倡作为现代治疗的佐剂,以更好地管理疾病。
BACKGROUND: Indian system of Traditional medicine, AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) has great potential with a History of Safe Use (HOSU) of thousands of medicinal plants included in pharmacopoeias. The multi-targeted approach of phytoconstituents present in different traditionally used medicinal plants makes them suitable candidates for research against various infective pathogens. MAP which is a dairy-borne pathogen is associated with the development of Johne\'s disease in ruminants and Crohn\'s disease like autoimmune disorders in human beings. There are no reliable treatment alternatives available against MAP, leaving surgical removal of intestines as the sole option. Hence, there exists an urgent need to search for leads against such infection.
OBJECTIVE: The present review has been conducted to find out the ethnopharmacological evidence about the potential of phytoconstituents against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), along with the proposal of a potential phyto-MAP mechanism for the very first time taking anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-microbial traditional claims into consideration.
METHODS: We have analyzed and reviewed different volumes of the two main traditional scriptures of India i.e. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) and Unani Pharmacopoeia of India (UPI), respectively-for identification of potential anti-MAP plants based on their claims for related disorders. These plants were further investigated systematically for their scientific publications of the last 20 years (2002-2022) available through electronic databases including Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Scopus. The studies conducted in vitro, cell lines, and in vivo levels were taken into consideration along with the associated mechanisms of phytoconstituents.
RESULTS: A total of 70 potential medicinal plants have been identified. Based on the ethnopharmacology, a potential phyto-paratuberculosis (Phyto-paraTB) mechanism has been proposed and out of 70, seven potential anti-MAP plants have been identified to have a great future as anti-MAP.
CONCLUSIONS: A novel and scientifically viable plan has been proposed for addressing anti-MAP plants for stimulating research against MAP and related disorders using mass-trusted AYUSH medicine, which can be used as an alternative remedy in resistance cases otherwise can be advocated as an adjuvant with modern treatments for better management of the disease.