地中海是生物多样性的热点,其真菌成分仍未充分开发。海洋沉积物代表了最多样化的基质;然而,在培养中回收真菌的挑战阻碍了对这种多样性的精确鉴定。浓缩技术如脱脂乳絮凝(SMF)可以代表合适的解决方案。这里,我们比较了直接平板和SMF结合三种培养基和两种孵育温度回收丝状子囊的有效性,我们描述了在海洋沉积物中检测到的真菌多样性。在2021年至2022年之间,在西班牙西地中海沿岸的两个海滩(Miracle和Arrabassada)的不同深度收集了沉积物。我们回收了362株,经过形态学选择,188个主要用LSU和ITS条形码识别,代表54属94种。曲霉菌,青霉,Scedosporium是最常见的属,两个海滩之间的丰度百分比不同。Arrabassada海滩更加异质,42属,代表60种(奇迹海滩,28属54种)。尽管大多数物种是通过直接电镀回收的(70种),使用SMF作为样品预处理专门获得20种,提高我们在培养中检测真菌的能力。此外,我们提出了Exophiala属的三个新物种,黑脑,和昆士兰州,第四个代表新的裂殖衣原体属。我们得出结论,SMF是一种有用的技术,与直接电镀相结合,包括不同的培养基和培养温度,在培养依赖性研究中提高了恢复海洋真菌群落的机会。
The Mediterranean Sea stands out as a hotspot of biodiversity, whose fungal composition remains underexplored. Marine sediments represent the most diverse substrate; however, the challenge of recovering fungi in culture hinders the precise identification of this diversity. Concentration techniques like skimmed milk flocculation (SMF) could represent a suitable solution. Here, we compare the effectiveness in recovering filamentous ascomycetes of direct plating and SMF in combination with three culture media and two incubation temperatures, and we describe the fungal diversity detected in marine sediments. Sediments were collected at different depths on two beaches (Miracle and Arrabassada) on the Spanish western Mediterranean coast between 2021 and 2022. We recovered 362 strains, and after a morphological selection, 188 were identified primarily with the LSU and ITS barcodes, representing 54 genera and 94 species. Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Scedosporium were the most common genera, with different percentages of abundance between both beaches. Arrabassada Beach was more heterogeneous, with 42 genera representing 60 species (Miracle Beach, 28 genera and 54 species). Although most species were recovered with direct plating (70 species), 20 species were exclusively obtained using SMF as a sample pre-treatment, improving our ability to detect fungi in culture. In addition, we propose three new species in the genera Exophiala, Nigrocephalum, and Queenslandipenidiella, and a fourth representing the novel genus Schizochlamydosporiella. We concluded that SMF is a useful technique that, in combination with direct plating, including different culture media and incubation temperatures, improves the chance of recovering marine fungal communities in culture-dependent studies.