变应性鼻炎影响全世界数百万人的生活质量。空气污染不仅导致发病,但是每年有近300万人死于不健康的室内空气暴露。此外,过敏性鼻炎和空气污染相互作用。本报告总结了关于空气污染加重的过敏性鼻炎管理的国际专家共识的讨论。该报告首先回顾了室内和室外空气污染物,然后是流行病学证据,表明空气污染和气候变化对上呼吸道和过敏性鼻炎的影响。机制,特别是氧化应激,讨论了空气污染与过敏性鼻炎之间相互作用的潜在解释。空气污染加重的过敏性鼻炎的治疗主要涉及通过指南治疗过敏性鼻炎并减少对污染物的暴露。非索非那定非镇静口服抗组胺药可改善空气污染加重的AR症状。然而,目前缺乏更多关于AR和空气污染共存的其他药物治疗的疗效研究。
Allergic rhinitis affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Air pollution not only causes morbidity, but nearly 3 million people per year die from unhealthy indoor air exposure. Furthermore, allergic rhinitis and air pollution interact. This report summarizes the discussion of an International Expert Consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollution. The report begins with a review of indoor and outdoor air pollutants followed by epidemiologic evidence showing the impact of air pollution and climate change on the upper airway and allergic rhinitis. Mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress, potentially explaining the interactions between air pollution and allergic rhinitis are discussed. Treatment for the management of allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollution primarily involves treating allergic rhinitis by guidelines and reducing exposure to pollutants. Fexofenadine a non-sedating oral antihistamine improves AR symptoms aggravated by air pollution. However, more efficacy studies on other pharmacological therapy of coexisting AR and air pollution are currently lacking.