背景:由腺样体线虫引起的人类寄生虫感染包括一系列疾病,包括角球菌病,毛虫病,毛细血管病,旋毛虫病,和肌炎。这些感染可能对人类健康造成不利影响,并在热带和亚热带地区引起社会和经济关注。
方法:这篇综述在PubMed中进行了搜索,Embase和GoogleScholar在2024年4月26日之前在已建立的数据库中发表的相关研究。专注于常见形态的研究,生命周期,疾病分布,临床表现,包括人类腺样体寄生虫病的预防和控制策略。
结果:腺体线虫表现出具有四层角质层的共同形态特征;无核的表皮细胞;具有六个或更多的腔细胞的假腔;通常三个尾腺;五个食道腺;男性的两个睾丸,单排正中腹腺;尾巴在头部,具有单个食唇系统;通常具有非角状末端导管。人类在线虫类的生命周期中起着两个重要的作用,腺病毒:1)作为通过摄入未煮熟的paratenic宿主而感染的最终宿主,胚胎蛋,被包膜或非包膜幼虫污染的鱼组织和肉中的感染性幼虫,和2)作为意外宿主,通过在未煮熟的肉中摄取寄生卵而感染。人类中的许多器官都是腺样体线虫的目标,例如肠道,肺,肝脏,肾脏,淋巴循环和血管,导致胃肠道问题,过度的免疫反应,细胞破裂,甚至死亡。这些感染大多数在非洲发展中国家有很高的发病率,亚洲和拉丁美洲;一些寄生虫病限制了疫情的传播。为了预防这些疾病,干预和教育,卫生,为了减少和控制寄生虫数量,已经引入了卫生和动物控制措施。
结论:常见形态,生命周期,强调了人类腺样体线虫传播的寄生虫病的全球流行病学和病理学,以及它们的预防和控制。这篇综述的发现将有助于改善人类寄生虫感染的监测和预测,理解动物之间的关系,人类和寄生虫,预防和控制寄生虫病。
BACKGROUND: Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and myositis. These infection can result in adverse impacts on human health and cause societal and economic concerns in tropical and subtropical regions.
METHODS: This review conducted searches in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant studies that published in established databases up to April 26, 2024. Studies that focused on the common morphology, life cycle, disease distribution, clinical manifestations, and prevention and control strategies for Adenophorean parasitic diseases in humans were included.
RESULTS: Adenophorean nematodes exhibit shared morphological characteristics with a four-layered cuticle; uninucleate epidermal cells; pseudocoelom with six or more coelomocytes; generally three caudal glands; five esophageal glands; two testes in males with median-ventral supplementary glands in a single row; tail in males rarely possessing caudal alae; amphids always postlabial; presence of cephalic sensory organs; absence of phasmids; and a secretory-excretory system consisting of a single ventral gland cell, usually with a non-cuticularized terminal duct. Humans play two important roles in the life cycle of the nematode class, Adenophorea: 1) as a definitive host infected by ingesting undercooked paratenic hosts, embryonated eggs, infective larvae in fish tissue and meat contaminated with encysted or non-encysted larvae, and 2) as an accidental host infected by ingesting parasitic eggs in undercooked meat. Many organs are targeted by the Adenophorean nematode in humans such as the intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys, lymphatic circulation and blood vessels, resulting in gastrointestinal problems, excessive immunological responses, cell disruption, and even death. Most of these infections have significant incidence rates in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America; however, some parasitic diseases have restricted dissemination in outbreaks. To prevent these diseases, interventions together with education, sanitation, hygiene and animal control measures have been introduced in order to reduce and control parasite populations.
CONCLUSIONS: The common morphology, life cycle, global epidemiology and pathology of human Adenophorean nematode-borne parasitic diseases were highlighted, as well as their prevention and control. The findings of this review will contribute to improvement of monitoring and predicting human-parasitic infections, understanding the relationship between animals, humans and parasites, and preventing and controlling parasitic diseases.