核酸纳米技术已成为疾病诊断和治疗的一种有前途的策略,由于非凡的可编程性,精度,和生物相容性。然而,目前通过核酸进行的生物传感和生物治疗方法在灵敏度方面存在局限性,特异性,多功能性,和实时监控。DNA扩增反应提供了增强生物传感和生物治疗平台性能的有利策略。非酶DNA扩增反应(NEDAR),如杂交链式反应和催化发夹组装,通过股线位移操作。与传统的酶促DNA扩增反应相比,NEDAR具有明显的优势,包括简化的程序,温和的反应条件,更高的特异性,增强可控性,和优秀的多功能性。因此,专注于基于NEDAR的生物传感和生物治疗的研究已经引起了极大的关注。NEDAR在检测多种类型的生物标志物方面表现出很高的功效,包括核酸,小分子,和蛋白质,具有高灵敏度和特异性,实现多个目标的并行检测。此外,NEDAR可以加强药物治疗,细胞行为控制,和细胞封装。此外,NEDAR有望以纯DNA纳米结构和混合纳米材料的形式构建组装的诊断-治疗纳米平台,在疾病监测和精确治疗中提供效用。因此,本文旨在全面阐明NEDAR的反应机制,并回顾过去五年来基于NEDAR的诊断和治疗的实质性进展,涵盖基于NEDAR的设计策略,应用程序,和前景。
Nucleic acid nanotechnology has become a promising strategy for disease diagnosis and treatment, owing to remarkable programmability, precision, and biocompatibility. However, current biosensing and biotherapy approaches by nucleic acids exhibit limitations in sensitivity, specificity, versatility, and real-time monitoring. DNA amplification reactions present an advantageous strategy to enhance the performance of biosensing and biotherapy platforms. Non-enzymatic DNA amplification reaction (NEDAR), such as hybridization chain reaction and catalytic hairpin assembly, operate via strand displacement. NEDAR presents distinct advantages over traditional enzymatic DNA amplification reactions, including simplified procedures, milder reaction conditions, higher specificity, enhanced controllability, and excellent versatility. Consequently, research focusing on NEDAR-based biosensing and biotherapy has garnered significant attention. NEDAR demonstrates high efficacy in detecting multiple types of biomarkers, including nucleic acids, small molecules, and proteins, with high sensitivity and specificity, enabling the parallel detection of multiple targets. Besides, NEDAR can strengthen drug therapy, cellular behavior control, and cell encapsulation. Moreover, NEDAR holds promise for constructing assembled diagnosis-treatment nanoplatforms in the forms of pure DNA nanostructures and hybrid nanomaterials, which offer utility in disease monitoring and precise treatment. Thus, this paper aims to comprehensively elucidate the reaction mechanism of NEDAR and review the substantial advancements in NEDAR-based diagnosis and treatment over the past five years, encompassing NEDAR-based design strategies, applications, and prospects.