杂种优势是提高作物产量的关键因素,特别是在高粱(高粱双色)。这项研究利用了六个高粱恢复系,六个高粱不育系,和通过NCII不完全双行杂交方法创建的36个杂交组合。我们评估了F1代杂种的叶片光合作用相关参数的性能,碳代谢相关酶,及其与开花期产量性状的相关性。结果表明,杂交高粱在净光合速率(Pn)上表现出显著的高亲本杂种优势,蒸腾速率(Tr),气孔导度(Gs),表观叶肉电导(AMC),核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸(RuBP)羧化酶,磷酸烯醇丙酮酸(PEP)羧化酶,和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)。相反,细胞间二氧化碳浓度(CI),瞬时用水效率(WUE),蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)主要表现出负杂种优势。特性,如1000粒重(TGW),每穗粒重(GWPS),干物质含量(DMC)表现出显著的高亲本杂种优势,TGW达到82.54%的最高值。Pn与Tr呈正相关,Ci,Gs,RuBP羧化酶,PEP羧化酶,GWPS,TGW,还有DMC,这表明Tr,Ci,和Gs可以帮助鉴定高光合作用的高粱品种。同时,Pn与产量密切相关,有助于选择碳高效的高粱品种。总的来说,花期高粱杂种F1代表现出明显的杂种优势。结合现场表现,在变种时的Pn可以作为早期预测高粱杂种F1代产量潜力和筛选碳高效高粱品种的有价值指标。
Heterosis is a crucial factor in enhancing crop yield, particularly in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor ). This research utilised six sorghum restorer lines, six sorghum sterile lines, and 36 hybrid combinations created through the NCII incomplete double-row hybridisation method. We evaluated the performance of F1 generation hybrids for leaf photosynthesis-related parameters, carbon metabolism-related enzymes, and their correlation with yield traits during the flowering stage. Results showed that hybrid sorghum exhibited significant high-parent heterosis in net photosynthetic rate (P n ), transpiration rate (T r ), stomatal conductance (G s ), apparent leaf meat conductance (AMC), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Conversely, inter-cellular carbon dioxide concentration (C i ), instantaneous water uses efficiency (WUE), and sucrose synthase (SuSy) displayed mostly negative heterosis. Traits such as 1000-grain weight (TGW), grain weight per spike (GWPS), and dry matter content (DMC) exhibited significant high-parent heterosis, with TGW reaching the highest value of 82.54%. P n demonstrated positive correlations with T r , C i , G s , RuBP carboxylase, PEP carboxylase, GWPS, TGW, and DMC, suggesting that T r , C i , and G s could aid in identifying high-photosynthesis sorghum varieties. Concurrently, P n could help select carbon-efficient sorghum varieties due to its close relationship with yield. Overall, the F1 generation of sorghum hybrids displayed notable heterosis during anthesis. Combined with field performance, P n at athesis can serve as a valuable indicator for early prediction of the yield potential of the F1 generation of sorghum hybrids and for screening carbon-efficient sorghum varieties.