■从汽油中去除铅之后,油漆和管道被认为是美国铅暴露的主要来源。然而,消费品,例如某些香料,陶瓷和金属炊具,传统的健康疗法,和文化粉末,在美国越来越被认为是铅暴露的重要来源。
本文回顾了来自美国四个司法管辖区的数据,这些司法管辖区对血铅水平升高(BLL)的儿童进行了家庭调查,以检查与消费品相关的铅暴露的患病率。与住房相关来源相比。
■作者审查了加利福尼亚州提供的调查数据(2010-2021年),俄勒冈,纽约市,国王县,华盛顿,并比较了与住房相关的铅暴露程度消费品相关来源。
■确定消费品相关铅暴露源的调查比例因司法管辖区而异(范围:15%-38%)。对美国疾病预防控制中心和美国FDA警报以及纽约市数据的审查表明,这些类型的含铅产品通常来自国际,许多人在旅行中被带到美国。根据监测数据,我们认为,美国移民和难民社区与这些产品相关的铅暴露风险增加。与卫生当局接触,需要证据数据。我们建议实施国家产品监测数据库,系统地跟踪儿童铅中毒预防计划测试的消费品数据。数据存储库应该是集中的,所有全球利益相关者都可以访问,包括研究人员以及政府和非政府机构,谁可以使用这些数据来为调查提供信息。有效识别和解决含铅消费品来源的可用性可以将资源集中在初级预防上,减少国外和美国用户的铅暴露。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14336.
UNASSIGNED: Following the removal of lead from gasoline, paint and pipes were thought to be the main sources of lead exposure in the United States. However, consumer products, such as certain spices, ceramic and metal cookware, traditional health remedies, and cultural powders, are increasingly recognized as important sources of lead exposure across the United States.
UNASSIGNED: This paper reviews data from four US jurisdictions that conduct in-home investigations for children with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) to examine the prevalence of lead exposures associated with consumer products, in comparison with housing-related sources.
UNASSIGNED: Authors reviewed investigation data (2010-2021) provided by California, Oregon, New York City, and King County, Washington, and compared the extent of lead exposures associated with housing-related vs. consumer products-related sources.
UNASSIGNED: The proportion of investigations identifying consumer products-related sources of lead exposure varied by jurisdiction (range: 15%-38%). A review of US CDC and US FDA alerts and New York City data indicates that these types of lead-containing products are often sourced internationally, with many hand carried into the United States during travel. Based on surveillance data, we believe that US immigrant and refugee communities are at an increased risk for lead exposures associated with these products. To engage health authorities, there is a need for evidentiary data. We recommend implementing a national product surveillance database systematically tracking data on consumer products tested by childhood lead poisoning prevention programs. The data repository should be centralized and accessible to all global stakeholders, including researchers and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, who can use these data to inform investigations. Effectively identifying and addressing the availability of lead-containing consumer products at their source can focus resources on primary prevention, reducing lead exposures for users abroad and in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14336.