UNASSIGNED: Following the removal of lead from gasoline, paint and pipes were thought to be the main sources of lead exposure in the United States. However, consumer products, such as certain spices, ceramic and metal cookware, traditional health remedies, and cultural powders, are increasingly recognized as important sources of lead exposure across the United States.
UNASSIGNED: This paper reviews data from four US jurisdictions that conduct in-home investigations for children with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) to examine the prevalence of lead exposures associated with consumer products, in comparison with housing-related sources.
UNASSIGNED: Authors reviewed investigation data (2010-2021) provided by California, Oregon, New York City, and King County, Washington, and compared the extent of lead exposures associated with housing-related vs. consumer products-related sources.
UNASSIGNED: The proportion of investigations identifying consumer products-related sources of lead exposure varied by jurisdiction (range: 15%-38%). A review of US CDC and US FDA alerts and New York City data indicates that these types of lead-containing products are often sourced internationally, with many hand carried into the United States during travel. Based on surveillance data, we believe that US immigrant and refugee communities are at an increased risk for lead exposures associated with these products. To engage health authorities, there is a need for evidentiary data. We recommend implementing a national product surveillance database systematically tracking data on consumer products tested by childhood lead poisoning prevention programs. The data repository should be centralized and accessible to all global stakeholders, including researchers and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, who can use these data to inform investigations. Effectively identifying and addressing the availability of lead-containing consumer products at their source can focus resources on primary prevention, reducing lead exposures for users abroad and in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14336.

Exposure to hazardous chemicals in consumer products poses significant risks to personal health and the environment, and the combined effects may be negative even if each individual exposure is low. This necessitates informed and effective policies for risk reduction. This systematic review aims to identify and analyse existing evidence on how consumer preferences, product use, and product disposal are affected by information on harmful chemicals in consumer products and by price interventions. The review is conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesises forty-eight scientific articles on the relationship between information and consumer responses. No corresponding studies on the effects of price interventions were found. A large share of the identified articles focused on household chemicals, where warning labels are common, while less has been published on \"everyday products\" where the presence of hazardous chemicals is less clear to consumers. Effects of information on hazardous chemicals on consumer behaviour are highly contextual and dependent on the type of product, consumer behaviour and what kind of label is used. Warning symbols are effective in communicating a general warning of a potential danger, although consumers often misinterpret specifics regarding the exact nature of that danger or what means should be taken to minimise it. Informational texts are more informative but are also often missed or quickly forgotten. Consumer willingness to pay for safer products is generally positive but low. Additional research on how consumers react to information and price signals on chemical hazards is needed to improve policy design.

BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 pandemic, cleaning/disinfection activities were highly recommended. This study summarizes the state of art and estimates the prevalence of dangerous exposures to specific chemicals managed by Poison Centers (PCs) from all over the world during 2020 vs 2019, trying to overcome the critical aspects of the product categorization systems used by PCs.
METHODS: A systematic research was conducted in 3 major databases and 2 websites of PCs associations. Proportional meta-analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence of exposures to disinfectants, household products and hand sanitizers in 2020 vs 2019.
RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of exposures to disinfectants, household products and hand sanitizers were respectively 5.9% (95% CI 4.9-7.0) (2019: 4.4% vs 2020: 7.8%; p=0.22), 25.9% (95% CI 24.0-27.7) (2019: 25.0% vs 2020: 28.6%; p=0.71) and 1.6% (95% CI 1.3-1.9) (2019: 0.6% vs 2020: 2.8%; p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study detected overall increases of exposures to specific chemicals in 2020, suggesting that the awareness on topics related to the safe use of these products should be improved, especially during health emergencies, highlighting the need to develop standardized systems to better compare data coming from PCs all over the world.

UNASSIGNED: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute poisoning with liquid laundry detergent capsules have been comprehensively reported. However, studies of laboratory test results in these exposures are uncommon. This study analyzed the impact of the ingestion of liquid laundry detergent capsules on admission laboratory tests in paediatric patients.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective study was conducted in the clinical toxicology unit of a paediatric poison centre between 2015 and 2021. Paediatric patients (less than 18 years of age) who ingested liquid laundry detergent capsules were included. The relationship between the European Association of Poisons Centers and Clinical Toxicologists/European Commission/International Programme on Chemical Safety Poisoning Severity Score and admission laboratory test results was assessed using Fisher\'s exact test or analysis of variance.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 156 patients were included in the study. A considerable proportion of patients presented with leucocytosis, acidosis, hyperlactataemia or base deficit. The median values of white blood cell count (P = 0.042), pH (P = 0.022), and base excess (P = 0.013) were significantly different among the Poisoning Severity Score groups. Hyperlactataemia was strongly associated with the Poisoning Severity Score (P = 0.003).
UNASSIGNED: Leucocytosis is a non-specific marker of severity following ingestion of liquid laundry detergent capsules. The incidence of metabolic acidosis and hyperlactataemia was higher in this study than in previous reports, but these metabolic features were not related to the severity of exposure. The exact mechanisms of toxicity are not yet known, but the high concentration of non-ionic and anionic surfactants, as well as propylene glycol and ethanol, in the capsule are likely contributing factors.
UNASSIGNED: Pediatric patients who ingest liquid laundry detergent capsules may develop leucocytosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperlactataemia, and a base deficit.

UNASSIGNED: The COVID-19 pandemic has globally influenced the exposure of populations to chemical substances through various channels. This study aims to evaluate the tendencies of the use of chemical products in Latvia amidst the pandemic. Answers from 597 respondents (26.6% male, 73.4% female, mean age 46.0 ± 12.2) which were gathered as part of the HBM4EU (Human Biomonitoring Initiative) citizen survey and 8 focus group participants were used.
UNASSIGNED: The study utilized data from the HBM4EU citizen survey and conducted focus group discussions to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chemical product usage in Latvia. Survey responses were analyzed to identify changes in exposure to chemicals, particularly in relation to disinfection agents and household products.
UNASSIGNED: More than two-thirds of survey participants reported increased exposure to chemicals during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly related to the use of disinfection agents and household products. About 2-in-5 (39.8%) of survey respondents considered that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased their interest in exposure to chemicals. The excessive use of disinfectant products is the main concern of citizens (mentioned by 66.7%, n = 389). Also, two focus group participants noted that the use of disinfectant products is too widespread and should be minimized.
UNASSIGNED: The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has not only increased the use of chemical products in Latvia but also promoted an interest in safe and healthy use of chemicals which could be useful to raise the awareness of the general public.

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In Japan, the use of frame retardants [tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: TDBPP and bis(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: BDBPP] in several household textile products is banned under the \"Act on the Control of Household Products Containing Harmful Substances.\" As the official analytical methods for testing these substances have not been revised for over 42 years, several issues such as the using of harmful reagents, have been pointed out. Therefore, we developed a new method to revise the official method in our previous study. In this study, the validity of the developed test method is evaluated at six laboratories using two types of textile samples spiked with TDBPP and BDBPP at three concentrations (4, 8, and 20 µg/g). TDBPP and BDBPP are extracted under reflux using methanol containing hydrochloric acid. TDBPP is analyzed using GC-MS, and BDBPP is also analyzed using GC-MS after methylation with trimethylsilyl diazomethane. Although the accuracy (70-120%), repeatability (<10%), and reproducibility (<15%) of a few samples, mainly low concentration samples, are out of range, overall, the concentration level of detection limits of TDBPP and BDBPP (8 and 10 µg/g) in official analytical methods are quantifiable with sufficient precision using the proposed method. Furthermore, harmful reagents are not used in this method. Thus, the method validated in this study is effective as a revised method for the testing of TDBPP and BDBPP in household textile products.

The Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) and Creme Global Cremeglobal.com partnered to develop an aggregate exposure model for fragrance ingredients. The model provides a realistic estimate of the total exposure of fragrance ingredients to individuals across a population. The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) and Dermal Sensitization Threshold (DST) were used to demonstrate the magnitude of low exposure to fragrance materials. The total chronic systemic, inhalation, and dermal 95th percentile exposures on approximately 3000 fragrance ingredients in RIFM\'s inventory were compared to their respective TTC or DST. Additionally, representative fragrance ingredients were randomly selected and analyzed for exposure distribution by product type (i.e., cosmetic/personal care, household care, oral care, and air care) and route of exposure. It was found that 76 % of fragrance ingredients fall below their respective TTC limits when compared to 95th percentile systemic exposure, while 99 % are below inhalation TTC limits. The lowest 95th percentile aggregate exposure by product type was from household care products, then air care, and oral care products. The highest exposure was from personal care/cosmetic products. The volume of use for most fragrance ingredients (63 %) was <1 metric ton, estimating that environmental exposure to fragrance ingredients is likely low.

Eight paired organophosphate diesters (Di-OPs) and organophosphate triesters (Tri-OPs) were investigated in wipes from analytical instruments and 47 material samples related to household products, including textiles, electrical/electronic devices, building/ decoration materials and children\'s products. The total concentrations of Di-OPs ranged in 3577-95551 ng/m2 in the wipes and limit of detection-23002 ng/g in the materials. The Tri-OPs concentrations varied significantly in the ranges of 107218-1756892 ng/m2 and 2.13-503149 ng/g, respectively. Four industrial Di-OPs were detected in > 65% of the studied samples suggesting their direct application in the studied materials. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that four non-industrial Di-OPs, e.g., bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and bis(butoxyethyl) phosphate, identified as degradation products of their respective Tri-OPs were also detected in these studied samples, which might act as important emission sources of Di-OPs in indoor environments. We estimated the burden of Di-OPs and Tri-OPs in a typical residential house and instrumental room, which both exhibited important contributions from furniture, building and decoration materials, and electrical/electronic devices. Limit health risk was posed to local people via air inhalation.