优势等级存在于社会动物中,对动物的生存产生了深远的影响,身心健康,和生殖成功。侵略性互动,作为用来计算社会等级的主要指标,然而,在一些雌性动物中没有发现。在这项研究中,我们的目的是找出几乎表现出攻击性行为的母鸡社会等级的建立,并调查社会等级与生产绩效和肠道微生物组的相互作用。49日龄清源母鸡40只,随机分为4组。母鸡的社会等级是通过喂食器周围的相对位置来计算的。排名1(R1),以升序测定R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10。然后,R1和R2鸟(四个重复,n=8)被命名为高级母鸡(HR)组,而R9和R10个体被命名为低级母鸡(LR)组(四个重复,n=8)。心脏指数(p=0.01),每天的访问次数,每日采食量,HR组每天职业时间高于LR组,但LR组每次访视的采食量高于HR组.HR组的α多样性显著低于LR组(p=0.05)。与LR组相比,HR组的Firmicutes门的相对丰度较高,而去铁杆菌门的相对丰度较低(p<0.05)。在属一级,琥珀酸的相对丰度,Hallii真杆菌组,HR组厌氧症高于LR组。拟杆菌的相对丰度,Mucispirillum,下颗粒,LR组未分类Barnesellaceae高于HR组(p<0.05)。总之,母鸡的等级可以通过它们竞争食物时在喂食器周围的相对位置来计算。优势母鸡多才多艺。此外,他们在觅食时更加警惕和优先。低级母鸡采取策略来获得足够的食物来维持自己。高级母鸡拥有有益的细菌,使用有利的物质来维持肠道环境的平衡。
Dominance hierarchy exists in social animals and shows profound impacts on animals\' survival, physical and mental health, and reproductive success. Aggressive interaction, as the main indicator used to calculate social hierarchy, however, is not found in some female animals. In this study, we aimed to figure out the establishment of social hierarchy in hens that almost perform aggressive behaviors and investigated the interactions of social hierarchy with production performance and gut microbiome. Forty 49-day-old Qingyuan
hens were randomly divided into four groups. The social hierarchy of
hens was calculated by the relative position around the feeder. The rank 1 (R1), R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 birds were determined in ascending order. Then, R1 and R2 birds (four duplicates, n = 8) were named as the high-ranking hens (HR) group, while R9 and R10 individuals were named as the low-ranking
hens (LR) group (four duplicates, n = 8). The heart index (p = 0.01), number of visits per day, daily feed intake, and occupation time per day were higher in the HR group than LR group, but the LR group had a higher feed intake per visit than the HR group. The alpha diversity was significantly lower in the HR group than the LR group (p = 0.05). The relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes was higher while that of phylum Deferribacterota was lower in the HR group than LR group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Succinatimonas, Eubacterium hallii group, and Anaerostipes were higher in HR group than in LR group. The relative abundance of Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, Subdoligranulum, and Barnesiellaceae unclassified was higher in the LR group than HR group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the rank of hens could be calculated by the relative position around the feeder when they compete for food. The dominant
hens have a versatile. Moreover, they are more vigilant and have priority when foraging. Low-ranking
hens adopt strategies to get enough food to sustain themselves. Hens of high-rank possess beneficial bacteria that use favorable substances to maintain the balance of the gut environment.