PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of Chinese medicinal residues (CMRs) consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza residues (SMR) and Isatidis Radix residues (IRR) on productive performance, egg quality, serum lipid and hormone levels, liver and blood antioxidant capacity, oviduct inflammation levels, and gut microbiota in the late-laying stage. A total of 288 fifty-four-week-old BaShang long-tailed hens were divided into four groups. The feed trial period was 8 weeks. The control group was fed the basic diet as a CCMR group, supplemented with 3, 4, and 6% for the experimental groups LCMR, MCMR, and HCMR. The egg production rate of the MCMR group was 8.1% higher than that of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels of hens of the CMR-supplemented group were significantly decreased than those of the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The group supplemented with different levels of CMR had significantly higher serum HDL-C levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were remarkably increased for the LCMR and MCMR groups and significantly decreased for the HCMR group compared to CCMR (p < 0.05). Serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were significantly increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly decreased in the MCMR group compared to the CCMR group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of tubal inflammatory factor markers (IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α) in the MCMR and HCMR groups were consistent with the pathological findings of the sections. As for cecal microbiota, supplementation with CMR affected the alpha diversity of the cecum microbiome at the genus level. The Shannon index was significantly higher in the MCMR group than in the CCMR and HCMR groups (p < 0.05). Supplementation with different levels of CMR mainly regulated the ratio of intestinal Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of phyla such as Proteobacteria. In addition, CMR supplementation at different levels in the diet enriched lipid-metabolizing bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Ruminococcus_gnavus_group. Furthermore, according to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the MCMR group showed an increase in the number of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Romboutsia and fiber-degrading specialized bacteria Monoglobus. Therefore, supplementation of appropriate amounts of CMR to the diet of laying hens enhanced reproductive hormone levels, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism, alleviated the levels of oviductal inflammatory factors, and modulated the abundance structure of bacterial flora to improve the late-laying performance and egg quality. The results of the current study showed that CMR is a beneficial feed supplement for chickens when added in moderation.
摘要：
本研究旨在评估由丹参残留（SMR）和板蓝根残留（IRR）组成的中药残留（CMR）混合物对生产性能的影响。鸡蛋质量,血脂和激素水平，肝脏和血液的抗氧化能力，输卵管炎症水平，和产卵后期的肠道微生物群。共有288只五十四周龄的巴尚长尾母鸡分为四组。饲料试验周期为8周。对照组饲喂基础日粮作为CCMR组,实验组LCMR补充了3％，4％和6％，MCMR,和HCMR。MCMR组产蛋率比CCMR组高8.1%(p<0.05)。添加CMR组的母鸡血清甘油三酯（TG）水平明显低于CCMR组（p<0.05）。添加不同水平CMR的组血清HDL-C水平明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。与CCMR相比，LCMR和MCMR组的卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）水平显着增加，而HCMR组的水平显着降低（p<0.05）。血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性明显增高,与CCMR组相比,MCMR组丙二醛(MDA)水平显著降低(p<0.05)。输卵管炎症因子标志物(IL-4、IL-1β、MCMR和HCMR组的TNF-α）与切片的病理结果一致。至于盲肠微生物群，补充CMR会在属水平上影响盲肠微生物组的α多样性。MCMR组的Shannon指数显著高于CCMR和HCMR组(p<0.05)。补充不同水平的CMR主要调节肠道厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比例以及门的丰度，例如变形杆菌。此外,在富含脂质代谢细菌的饮食中补充不同水平的CMR，如类杆菌属和ruminococcus_gnavus_group。此外，根据线性判别分析(LDA)效应大小(LEfSe)分析，MCMR组显示产生短链脂肪酸的细菌Romboutsia和降解纤维的专门细菌Monoglobus的数量增加。因此,在蛋鸡的饮食中补充适量的CMR可提高生殖激素水平，肝脏抗氧化能力，和脂质代谢，减轻输卵管炎症因子的水平，并调节细菌菌群的丰度结构，以提高产蛋后期性能和蛋品质。当前研究的结果表明，适度添加CMR是鸡的有益饲料补充剂。
