药物和个人护理产品(PPCP)在厌氧消化的产酸和产甲烷阶段表现出不同的生物降解性。然而,关于这些过程中产生的最终产品的信息有限。这项工作研究了使用先进的可疑和非目标策略在两相(TP)产酸-产甲烷(Ac-Mt)生物反应器中产生的生物转化产物(BTP)。从包括卡马西平(CBZ)在内的10个亲本PPCP中自信地鉴定出14个BTP,萘普生(NPX),双氯芬酸(DCF),布洛芬(IBU),对乙酰氨基酚(ACT),美托洛尔(MTP),磺胺甲恶唑(SMX),环丙沙星(CIP),对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(MPB)和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(PPB)。这些BTP与氧化反应如羟基化有关,去甲基化和环氧化。它们的产生与有机酸的产生有关,由于所有代谢物都是在产酸过程中检测到的,其中一些随后在产甲烷过程中被消耗,例如,氨基苯硫酚和犬尿烯酸。另一组BTP在产甲烷条件下显示浓度增加,例如,羟基-双氯芬酸和环氧-卡马西平。大多数PPCP显示出较高的去除效率(>90%)-SMX,CIP,NPX,MTP,ACT,MPB,PPB,而DCF,CBZ和IBU表现出更高的持久性-DCF(42%);CBZ(40%),IBU(47%)。厌氧消化的相分离使人们对PPCPs的生物转化途径有了更深入的了解,除了增强最持久化合物的生物降解性之外,即,DCF,CBZ和IBU。
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) exhibit varying biodegradability during the acidogenic and methanogenic phases of anaerobic digestion. However, there is limited information regarding the end products generated during these processes. This work investigates the biotransformation products (BTPs) generated in a two-phase (TP) acidogenic-methanogenic (Ac-Mt) bioreactor using advanced suspect and nontarget strategies. Fourteen BTPs were confidently identified from ten parent PPCPs including carbamazepine (CBZ), naproxen (NPX), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), acetaminophen (ACT), metoprolol (MTP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), methylparaben (MPB) and propylparaben (PPB). These BTPs were linked with oxidation reactions such as hydroxylation, demethylation and epoxidation. Their generation was related to organic acid production, since all metabolites were detected during acidogenesis, with some being subsequently consumed during methanogenesis, e.g., aminothiophenol and kynurenic acid. Another group of BTPs showed increased concentrations under methanogenic conditions, e.g., hydroxy-diclofenac and epoxy-carbamazepine. The most PPCPs showed high removal efficiencies (> 90 %) - SMX, CIP, NPX, MTP, ACT, MPB, PPB, while DCF, CBZ and IBU demonstrated higher persistence - DCF (42 %); CBZ (40 %), IBU (47 %). The phase separation of anaerobic digestion provided a deeper understanding of the biotransformation pathways of PPCPs, in addition to enhancing the biodegradability of the most persistent compounds, i.e., DCF, CBZ and IBU.