UNASSIGNED: Hoffa\'s fat pad (HFP), also known as infrapatellar fat pad, is one of the three fat pads in the knee. Ganglion cyst (GC) rarely arises from HFP which presents knee pain and swelling.
UNASSIGNED: A 43-year-old female presented with left knee pain for 1 year and swelling in her left knee for 6 months. Clinical examination revealed a palpable swelling of size around 3 cm×2 cm over the anteromedial aspect of the left knee. The size of the swelling increased on extension and decreased on flexion of the knee. A musculoskeletal ultrasound of the left knee revealed a lobulated anechoic lesion of size ∼2.3 cm×2 cm in HFP. Open excision of cystic mass through medial parapatellar approach was done, and histopathological examination showed findings consistent with GC. At 6 months follow-up, there was no residual swelling and no recurrence. She was symptom-free on her recent evaluation after 1 year of operation.
UNASSIGNED: GCs arising from HFP are much rarer among the cysts around the knee. Diagnosis is primarily done by magnetic resonance imaging. However, the use of ultrasonography has grown in the diagnosis of the GC. Among different modalities of treatment, open excision is the most recommended to prevent recurrence and incomplete resection.
UNASSIGNED: This case illustrates the importance of ultrasonography in the early diagnosis of HFP GC and reserving more costly and time-consuming imaging modality magnetic resonance imaging for localizing the extent of the cyst. We recommend an open resection to avoid recurrence and incomplete resection of the cyst.

Ganglion cysts represent a small group of lesions that can arise from almost any joint in the body. Demonstrating a predilection for the joints in the hand and wrist, ganglion cysts in the glenohumeral joint are extremely rare. Due to the vivid array of masses that can be found in the axillary fossa, forming a free-from-error work-up to the correct diagnosis can be quite confounding. In this paper, we present a case of a paralabral cyst of the shoulder joint, located in the axilla. With there being only eight other such cases published in clinical literature, we believe this case report to be of unique importance in gaining further insight into the genesis and treatment of this pathology.

A ganglion cyst is a benign mass consisting of high-viscosity mucinous fluid. It can originate from the sheath of a tendon, peripheral nerve, or joint capsule. Compressive neuropathy caused by a ganglion cyst is rarely reported, with the majority of documented cases involving peroneal nerve palsy. To date, cases demonstrating both peroneal and tibial nerve palsies resulting from a ganglion cyst forming on a branch of the sciatic nerve have not been reported. In this paper, we present the case of a 74-year-old man visiting an outpatient clinic complaining of left-sided foot drop and sensory loss in the lower extremity, a lack of strength in his left leg, and a decrease in sensation in the leg for the past month without any history of trauma. Ankle dorsiflexion and great toe extension strength on the left side were Grade I. Ankle plantar flexion and great toe flexion were Grade II. We suspected peroneal and tibial nerve palsy and performed a screening ultrasound, which is inexpensive and rapid. In the operative field, several cysts were discovered, originating at the site where the sciatic nerve splits into peroneal and tibial nerves. After successful surgical decompression and a series of rehabilitation procedures, the patient\'s neurological symptoms improved. There was no recurrence.

The main objective was to describe the different types and characteristics of lumbar spine extradural cysts and their optimal treatment options with a focus on endoscopic technique. We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar for articles published between 1967 and 2020 using the keywords \"Spinal Cyst,\" \"Extradural Cyst,\" and \"Lumbar Cyst.\" The various anatomical and histological types of the extradural cysts with their presentations, etiologies, imaging, and optimal treatment with a focus on endoscopic techniques were reviewed from the articles. Lumbar spinal cysts are relatively rare pathologies that might cause radicular symptoms similar to lumbar disc herniation. Spinal extradural cysts are classified either histologically based on the cyst lining tissues (synovial cysts or non-synovial, ganglion cysts) or anatomically based on the structure of origin (epidural cysts, ligamentum flavum cysts, discal cysts, post-discectomy pseudocysts, posterior longitudinal ligament cysts, facet cysts). Surgical excision is the recommended treatment of symptomatic cysts with endoscopic techniques being a viable option. Extradural lumbar cysts can be identified based on their histological structure or depending on their structure of origin. Regardless of their classification, they could all give similar clinical findings, and the optimal treatment would be surgical excision with endoscopic technique being a viable option with a satisfactory outcome.

UNASSIGNED: A synovial cyst is a herniation of synovial tissue through a joint capsule, often mistaken for a ganglion cyst. The key distinctions are that synovial cysts have a synovial cell lining, while a ganglion cyst is delineated by dense fibrous connective tissue. Typically found near joints, synovial cysts are associated with conditions like osteoarthritis, prevalent in females aged 20 to 50. We present a rare case of a synovial cyst in the extensor digitorum superficialis of the right hand.
UNASSIGNED: A 53-year-old Hispanic female visited our hand clinic due to a 3-year history of pain on the back of her right hand. At exploration, a 3 × 3 cm soft tumor was identified. Surgery revealed a clear-yellowish mass within the extensor digitorum superficialis tendon. Following the surgery, synovial cyst was confirmed by pathology and the patient was discharged without complications.
UNASSIGNED: This case highlights the rare presentation of an intratendinous synovial cyst and emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive understanding of synovial cysts in the differential diagnosis of hand tumors.

UNASSIGNED: Ganglion cysts in the thigh area are uncommon, typically occurring in the wrist and ankle. These cysts are usually painless but may compress nearby structures, causing discomfort. Ultrasound is a valuable tool to differentiate ganglion cysts from hematomas and lipomas. It also helps identify the fluid-filled cyst walls. Treatment typically involves surgical removal, with complete resection being the goal.
METHODS: We present a case of a woman who experienced a gradual increase in size of a lump in her groin area. The lump was later diagnosed and completely removed. Histological analysis revealed the presence of a ganglion cyst.
UNASSIGNED: Clinical examination is crucial for diagnosing superficial ganglion cysts. It allows us to assess their separation from the skin and connection to deeper structures. It\'s important to consider ganglion cysts as part of the differential diagnosis for cystic lesions in the groin area during routine medical practice. This can help avoid unnecessary and expensive tests like MRI scans in some cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Developing a thorough differential diagnosis for uncommon lesions in specific anatomical areas is essential in clinical practice. This aids in choosing appropriate diagnostic methods and surgical intervention, if necessary, to prevent recurrence of the condition.

BACKGROUND: Sclerotherapy has shown superior efficacy among the nonsurgical options for managing digital mucous cysts (DMC). Notably, previous research has indicated that bleomycin offers a more favorable side-effect profile and similar efficacy to conventional sclerosing agents.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of bleomycin intralesional injection (ILI) for treating DMC through a comparative analysis of corticosteroid ILI and surgical excision.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records and clinical photographs. Telephone interviews were conducted to further investigate long-term treatment efficacy, safety, and overall treatment satisfaction.
RESULTS: Ten patients underwent surgical excision, and 13 and 15 patients received bleomycin and corticosteroid ILI, respectively. Both surgical excision and bleomycin ILI demonstrated superior treatment efficacy compared to corticosteroid ILI. No statistically significant difference in the treatment effectiveness between surgical excision and bleomycin ILI was observed. No significant adverse effects were observed. In the survey, the level of satisfaction was the highest for bleomycin ILI, followed by surgical excision and corticosteroid ILI.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that bleomycin ILI exhibits a treatment efficacy higher than that of corticosteroid ILI and slightly lower than that of surgical excision, without any side effects. Therefore, bleomycin ILI is a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of DMC.

In total, 38 patients with cystic dorsal wrist tumours managed with surgical excision were prospectively followed up for 2 years. Tissue was examined histologically after primary surgery and at recurrence. Two distinct tissue types were found: ganglion cyst and synovial cyst.

暂无摘要。

Acromioclavicular ganglion cysts are uncommon, with only a limited number of cases reported in the medical literature. This case report presents a unique instance of an acromioclavicular ganglion cyst in an 81-year-old male patient, outlining the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and successful surgical management. The purpose of this report is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on this rare condition and highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate intervention.