伏马菌素B1(FB1),镰刀菌产生的一种霉菌毒素,在农作物和动物饲料中普遍存在,对牲畜和人类构成重大健康风险。FB1在支持细胞中诱导氧化应激,破坏睾丸结构,影响精子发生.然而,减轻FB1在睾丸中的生殖毒性的方法仍然未知。槲皮素,一种天然的黄酮类抗氧化剂,可以提供保护性的好处。这项研究研究了槲皮素对FB1诱导的TM4细胞(Sertoli细胞系)生殖毒性的保护作用和机制。结果表明,40μM槲皮素提高了细胞活力,减少细胞凋亡,保留细胞功能。槲皮素还降低了暴露于FB1的TM4细胞中的活性氧(ROS)水平,增强了抗氧化基因的表达,并改善线粒体膜电位。与单独的FB1相比,槲皮素和FB1的组合增加了ATP水平,以及丙酮酸和乳酸,关键的糖酵解产品。此外,这种组合提高了糖酵解相关基因的mRNA和蛋白质表达,包括葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶1(Gpi1),己糖激酶2(Hk2),醛缩酶(Aldoa),丙酮酸激酶,肌肉(Pkm),乳酸脱氢酶A(Ldha)和磷酸果糖激酶,肝脏,B型(Pfkl)。槲皮素还增强了PKM和LDHA的活性,两种关键的糖酵解酶.总之,槲皮素通过降低ROS水平和增强糖酵解来减轻FB1诱导的TM4细胞毒性。这项研究为预防和治疗FB1对男性生殖系统的毒性损伤提供了新的见解,并强调了槲皮素的潜在应用。
Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, is prevalent in crops and animal feed, posing significant health risks to livestock and humans. FB1 induces oxidative stress in Sertoli cells, destroys testicular structure, and affects spermatogenesis. However, methods to mitigate the reproductive toxicity of FB1 in testes remain unknown. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid antioxidant, may offer protective benefits. This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of quercetin against FB1-induced reproductive toxicity in TM4 cells (a Sertoli cell line). The results indicated that 40 μM quercetin improved cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and preserved cell functions. Quercetin also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in TM4 cells exposed to FB1, enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared with FB1 alone, the combination of quercetin and FB1 increased ATP levels, as well as pyruvate and lactic acid, the key glycolysis products. Furthermore, this combination elevated the mRNA and protein expression of glycolysis-related genes, including glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1 (Gpi1), hexokinase 2 (Hk2), aldolase (Aldoa), pyruvate kinase, muscle (Pkm), lactate dehydrogenase A (Ldha) and phosphofructokinase, liver, B-type (Pfkl). Quercetin also boosted the activity of PKM and LDHA, two crucial glycolytic enzymes. In summary, quercetin mitigates FB1-induced toxicity in TM4 cells by reducing ROS levels and enhancing glycolysis. This study offers new insights into preventing and treating FB1-induced toxic damage to the male reproductive system and highlights the potential application of quercetin.