Fumonisin B1

伏马菌素 B1
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    伏马菌素B1(FB1),镰刀菌产生的一种霉菌毒素,在农作物和动物饲料中普遍存在,对牲畜和人类构成重大健康风险。FB1在支持细胞中诱导氧化应激,破坏睾丸结构,影响精子发生.然而,减轻FB1在睾丸中的生殖毒性的方法仍然未知。槲皮素,一种天然的黄酮类抗氧化剂,可以提供保护性的好处。这项研究研究了槲皮素对FB1诱导的TM4细胞(Sertoli细胞系)生殖毒性的保护作用和机制。结果表明,40μM槲皮素提高了细胞活力,减少细胞凋亡,保留细胞功能。槲皮素还降低了暴露于FB1的TM4细胞中的活性氧(ROS)水平,增强了抗氧化基因的表达,并改善线粒体膜电位。与单独的FB1相比,槲皮素和FB1的组合增加了ATP水平,以及丙酮酸和乳酸,关键的糖酵解产品。此外,这种组合提高了糖酵解相关基因的mRNA和蛋白质表达,包括葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶1(Gpi1),己糖激酶2(Hk2),醛缩酶(Aldoa),丙酮酸激酶,肌肉(Pkm),乳酸脱氢酶A(Ldha)和磷酸果糖激酶,肝脏,B型(Pfkl)。槲皮素还增强了PKM和LDHA的活性,两种关键的糖酵解酶.总之,槲皮素通过降低ROS水平和增强糖酵解来减轻FB1诱导的TM4细胞毒性。这项研究为预防和治疗FB1对男性生殖系统的毒性损伤提供了新的见解,并强调了槲皮素的潜在应用。
    Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, is prevalent in crops and animal feed, posing significant health risks to livestock and humans. FB1 induces oxidative stress in Sertoli cells, destroys testicular structure, and affects spermatogenesis. However, methods to mitigate the reproductive toxicity of FB1 in testes remain unknown. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid antioxidant, may offer protective benefits. This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of quercetin against FB1-induced reproductive toxicity in TM4 cells (a Sertoli cell line). The results indicated that 40 μM quercetin improved cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and preserved cell functions. Quercetin also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in TM4 cells exposed to FB1, enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared with FB1 alone, the combination of quercetin and FB1 increased ATP levels, as well as pyruvate and lactic acid, the key glycolysis products. Furthermore, this combination elevated the mRNA and protein expression of glycolysis-related genes, including glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1 (Gpi1), hexokinase 2 (Hk2), aldolase (Aldoa), pyruvate kinase, muscle (Pkm), lactate dehydrogenase A (Ldha) and phosphofructokinase, liver, B-type (Pfkl). Quercetin also boosted the activity of PKM and LDHA, two crucial glycolytic enzymes. In summary, quercetin mitigates FB1-induced toxicity in TM4 cells by reducing ROS levels and enhancing glycolysis. This study offers new insights into preventing and treating FB1-induced toxic damage to the male reproductive system and highlights the potential application of quercetin.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    玉米(ZeamaysL.)可能被镰刀菌和F.proliferatum感染,因此被伏马菌素(FBs)污染,以及用于动物饲料的生物乙醇的副产品。漆酶具有广泛的工业应用,如霉菌毒素降解。目的是分离和鉴定真菌漆酶产生菌株,为了评估漆酶的生产,为了确定发酵条件下的酶稳定性,并分析了含漆酶的酶提取物(EEs)降解FB1的体外有效性。属于Funaliatrogii的菌株,结核比林,平菇,血Pycnoporussanguineus和Trametesgallica物种显示出漆酶活性。根据所评估的物种检测漆酶的不同同种型。对于FB1净化试验,测试了四种酶活性(5、10、15和20U/mL),在不存在和存在香草酸(VA)和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-N-氧基(TEMPO)作为氧化还原介体(1和10mM)的情况下。花菜B4-IMICO-RCEE是缓冲液中最有效的菌株,实现60%的FB1减少。在玉米浆(MSL)中,EEs中包含的漆酶在不同的酒精程度下保持稳定,但是在使用MSL评估的条件下没有观察到显著的FB1减少。这项研究表明,尽管漆酶可能是开发减少FB1的策略的良好候选者,但仍需要进一步的研究来优化MSL中的这一过程。
    Maize (Zea mays L.) may be infected by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, and consequently contaminated with fumonisins (FBs), as well as the co-products of bioethanol intended for animal feed. Laccase enzymes have a wide industrial application such as mycotoxin degradation. The aims were to isolate and identify fungal laccase-producing strains, to evaluate laccase production, to determine the enzymatic stability under fermentation conditions, and to analyse the effectiveness in vitro of enzymatic extracts (EEs) containing laccases in degrading FB1. Strains belonging to Funalia trogii, Phellinus tuberculosus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Trametes gallica species showed laccase activity. Different isoforms of laccases were detected depending on the evaluated species. For the FB1 decontamination assays, four enzymatic activities (5, 10, 15 and 20 U/mL) were tested, in the absence and presence of vanillic acid (VA) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) as redox mediators (1 and 10 mM). Trametes gallica B4-IMICO-RC EE was the most effective strain in buffer, achieving a 60% of FB1 reduction. Laccases included in EEs remained stable at different alcoholic degrees in maize steep liquor (MSL), but no significant FB1 reduction was observed under the conditions evaluated using MSL. This study demonstrate that although laccases could be good candidates for the development of a strategy to reduce FB1, further studies are necessary to optimise this process in MSL.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    伏马菌素B1(FB1)是一种通过食物链影响动物健康的霉菌毒素,与猪肺水肿和家禽腹泻等多种疾病密切相关。FB1主要在肝脏中代谢。尽管一些研究表明FB1会导致肝脏损伤,肝损伤的分子机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估肝损伤的作用,FB1暴露期间核异种生物受体(NXR)反应和细胞色素P450(CYP450)介导的防御反应。将120只幼龄鹌鹑平均分为两组(对照组和FB1组)。对照组的鹌鹑以正常饮食喂养,而FB1组的人饲喂含30mg/kg的鹌鹑饮食42天。肝脏的组织病理学和超微结构变化,生化参数,炎症因子,内质网(ER)因子,在第14天检测NXR反应和CYP450簇系统等相关基因,28天和42天。结果表明,FB1暴露会损害代谢功能并引起肝损伤。FB1引起内质网应激和腺苷三磷酸酶活性降低,诱导炎症相关基因如白细胞介素6和核因子κB的表达,并促进炎症。此外,FB1通过激活核异种生物受体(NXR)破坏了多种CYP450亚型的表达。本研究证实,FB1暴露通过激活NXR反应从而引起肝损伤,从而干扰鹌鹑肝脏中细胞色素P450系统(CYP450)的稳态。这项研究的发现提供了深入了解FB1诱导肝毒性的分子机制。
    Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin affecting animal health through the food chain and has been closely associated with several diseases such as pulmonary edema in pigs and diarrhea in poultry. FB1 is mainly metabolized in the liver. Although a few studies have shown that FB1 causes liver damage, the molecular mechanism of liver damage is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of liver damage, nuclear xenobiotic receptor (NXR) response and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-mediated defense response during FB1 exposure. A total of 120 young quails were equally divided into two groups (control and FB1 groups). The quails in the control group were fed on a normal diet, while those in the FB1 group were fed on a quail diet containing 30 mg/kg for 42 days. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver, biochemical parameters, inflammatory factors, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) factors, NXR response and CYP450 cluster system and other related genes were examined at 14 days, 28 days and 42 days. The results showed that FB1 exposure impaired the metabolic function and caused liver injury. FB1 caused ER stress and decreased adenosine triphosphatease activity, induced the expression of inflammation-related genes such as interleukin 6 and nuclear factor kappa-B, and promoted inflammation. In addition, FB1 disrupted the expression of multiple CYP450 isoforms by activating nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs). The present study confirms that FB1 exposure disturbs the homeostasis of cytochrome P450 systems (CYP450s) in quail liver by activating NXR responses and thereby causing liver damage. This study\'s findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of FB1-induced hepatotoxicity.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    这项研究旨在确定口服伏马菌素是否有助于牛皮癣的发展。口服伏马菌素B1(FB1,0.1mg/kg)或伏马菌素B2(FB2,0.1mg/kg)10天,除了通过在雌性BALB/c小鼠中从第6天至第10天(5天)局部应用5%咪喹莫特乳膏诱导银屑病症状之外。结果表明,口服FB2可显着加剧银屑病症状,包括皮肤厚度,瘙痒行为,经皮水分流失,真皮中的免疫细胞浸润,和促炎细胞因子的产生。然而,暴露于FB1后没有观察到变化。我们的结果证实,口服FB2会增加皮肤厚度和损害屏障功能,从而对牛皮癣的发病机理产生不利影响。
    This study aimed to determine whether oral fumonisin exposure contributes to the development of psoriasis. Oral administration of fumonisin B1 (FB1, 0.1 mg/kg) or fumonisin B2 (FB2, 0.1 mg/kg) was conducted for 10 days, in addition to the induction of psoriatic symptoms through topical application of 5% imiquimod cream from day 6 to day 10 (5 days) in female BALB/c mice. The results demonstrated that oral administration of FB2 significantly exacerbated psoriatic symptoms, including skin thickness, itching behavior, transepidermal water loss, immune cell infiltration in the dermis, and proinflammatory cytokine production. However, no changes were observed following exposure to FB1. Our results confirm that oral exposure to FB2 adversely affects the pathogenesis of psoriasis by increasing skin thickness and impairing barrier function.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    霉菌毒素,尤其是黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和伏马毒素B1(FMB1),是谷物食品中常见的污染物。由于当前由气候变化引起的挑战,预计污染实例将增加。尽管全谷物对健康有益,麸皮中霉菌毒素的存在仍然令人担忧。尽管如此,先前的研究表明,麦麸可以吸附诱变剂。因此,这项研究调查了玉米的容量,小麦,和燕麦麸在不同的体外条件下吸附AFB1和FMB1,包括pH值,绑定时间,温度,颗粒大小,以及麸皮的使用量。与小麦和燕麦麸皮相比,玉米麸皮表现出较高的AFB1吸附能力(>78%)。然而,FMB1没有被麸皮吸附,可能是由于其亲水性。较低的温度(≤25°C)增强了小麦和燕麦麸中AFB1的吸附效率,而对于玉米麸皮,最高的吸附发生在37℃。遵循亨利定律的线性模型最好地解释了麸皮对AFB1的吸附。进一步的研究确定麸皮的果皮层是AFB1吸附的主要部位,初始液体体积是一个关键因素。该研究得出结论,麸皮可能作为一种有效的生物吸附剂。进一步的研究对于通过体内实验确认AFB1的吸附功效和生物利用度至关重要。
    Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FMB1), are common contaminants in cereal-based foods. Instances of contamination are predicted to increase due to the current challenges induced by climate change. Despite the health benefits of whole grains, the presence of mycotoxins in bran remains a concern. Nonetheless, previous research indicates that wheat bran can adsorb mutagens. Therefore, this study investigated the capacity of maize, wheat, and oat brans to adsorb AFB1 and FMB1 under varying in vitro conditions, including pH, binding time, temperature, particle size, and the amount of bran utilized. Maize bran demonstrated a high AFB1 adsorption capacity (>78%) compared to wheat and oat brans. However, FMB1 was not adsorbed by the brans, possibly due to its hydrophilic nature. Lower temperature (≤25 °C) enhanced AFB1 adsorption efficacy in wheat and oat bran, while for maize bran, the highest adsorption occurred at 37 °C. A linear model following Henry\'s law best explained AFB1 adsorption by the brans. Further studies identified the pericarp layer of bran as the primary site of AFB1 adsorption, with the initial liquid volume being a critical factor. The study concludes that bran could potentially act as an effective bioadsorbent. Further research is essential to confirm the adsorption efficacy and the bioavailability of AFB1 through in vivo experiments.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    本研究旨在通过化学方法(硫酸水解和超声处理)从甘蔗渣农业废物中提取纳米纤维素(NC)。随后,将纳米纤维素产品与聚赖氨酸(NC-PL)结合,并评估其降低FumononinB1(FB1)毒性的功效,一种真菌毒素,由玉米中常见的真菌产生,小麦,和其他谷物。实验结果证实了NC和PL的成功共轭,如1635和1625cm-1处的FTIR峰所证明的,表明聚赖氨酸(PL)中的酰胺I和酰胺II振动。SEM分析显示,由于PL涂层,尺寸较大,与DLS结果一致,显示NC-PL表面上的尺寸和正电荷(38.0mV)增加。此外,在各种浓度(0-200,000μg/mL)下评估了NC和NC-PL对FB1吸附的影响。NC-PL证明了在2000、20,000和200,000μg/mL浓度下吸附FB1的能力,吸附效率为94.4-100%。人肝细胞癌(HepG2)细胞用于评估NC和NC-PL细胞毒性作用。该结果是标准化结果的初步步骤,以便将来研究其作为食品中新型FB1粘合剂的应用。食品包装,和功能性饲料。
    The present study aimed to extract nanocellulose (NC) from sugarcane bagasse agricultural waste through a chemical method (sulfuric acid hydrolysis and ultrasonication). Subsequently, the nanocellulose product was conjugated with polylysine (NC-PL) and assessed for its efficacy in reducing the toxicity of Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by fungi commonly found in corn, wheat, and other grains. Experimental results confirmed the successful conjugation of NC and PL, as evidenced by FTIR peaks at 1635 and 1625 cm-1 indicating amide I and amide II vibrations in polylysine (PL). SEM analysis revealed a larger size due to PL coating, consistent with DLS results showing the increased size and positive charge (38.0 mV) on the NC-PL surface. Moreover, the effect of FB1 adsorption by NC and NC-PL was evaluated at various concentrations (0-200,000 μg/mL). NC-PL demonstrated the ability to adsorb FB1 at concentrations of 2000, 20,000, and 200,000 μg/mL, with adsorption efficiencies of 94.4-100%. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were utilized to assess NC and NC-PL cytotoxic effects. This result is a preliminary step towards standardizing results for future studies on their application as novel FB1 binders in food, food packaging, and functional feeds.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    神经酰胺合酶(CerSs)在鞘脂代谢中起着至关重要的作用,并已成为代谢性疾病的有希望的药物靶标。癌症,和抗真菌治疗。然而,小分子对CerSs抑制机制的理解有限,阻碍了CerSs的治疗靶向.伏马菌素B1(FB1)已被广泛研究为真核生物CerSs的有效抑制剂。在这项研究中,我们表征了FB1对酵母CerS(yCerS)的抑制机制,并确定了FB1结合和N-酰基FB1结合的yCerS的结构。通过我们的结构分析和YCerS对FB1的N-酰化的观察,我们提出了一种通过yCerS进行FB1N-酰化的潜在乒乓催化机理。最后,我们证明,与C26-辅酶A(CoA)底物相比,FB1对yCerS的结合亲和力较低,表明FB1对yCerS的有效抑制作用可能主要来自yCerS催化的N-酰基-FB1,而不是通过FB1的直接结合。
    Ceramide synthases (CerSs) play crucial roles in sphingolipid metabolism and have emerged as promising drug targets for metabolic diseases, cancers, and antifungal therapy. However, the therapeutic targeting of CerSs has been hindered by a limited understanding of their inhibition mechanisms by small molecules. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) has been extensively studied as a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic CerSs. In this study, we characterize the inhibition mechanism of FB1 on yeast CerS (yCerS) and determine the structures of both FB1-bound and N-acyl-FB1-bound yCerS. Through our structural analysis and the observation of N-acylation of FB1 by yCerS, we propose a potential ping-pong catalytic mechanism for FB1 N-acylation by yCerS. Lastly, we demonstrate that FB1 exhibits lower binding affinity for yCerS compared to the C26- coenzyme A (CoA) substrate, suggesting that the potent inhibitory effect of FB1 on yCerS may primarily result from the N-acyl-FB1 catalyzed by yCerS, rather than through direct binding of FB1.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    ValidamycinA(VMA)是一种来自吸湿性链霉菌的抗真菌抗生素,通常用于植物疾病管理。令人惊讶的是,发现VMA会阻碍农业环境中伏马菌素B1(FB1)的生产。然而,VMA在轮状镰刀菌中的具体靶标仍不清楚。为了解开VMA的分子机制,超微结构观察揭示了线粒体膜的损伤。通过利用3D打印的表面等离子体共振传感器,将海藻糖酶(FvNth)确定为VMA的靶标。分子对接将Trp285、Arg447、Asp452和Phe665鉴定为VMA和FvNth之间的结合位点。通过同源重组改造缺少氨基酸250-670的ΔFvnth突变体。转录组分析表明,用VMA和ΔFvnth处理的样品显示出相似的表达模式,特别是在FUM基因簇的抑制中。VMA处理导致海藻糖酶和ATP酶活性降低以及葡萄糖的产生减少。丙酮酸,和乙酰辅酶A。相反,这些效应在用ΔFvnth处理的样品中不存在。这项研究认为VMA阻碍了海藻糖酶合成乙酰辅酶A,从而抑制FB1的生物合成。这些发现为开发霉菌毒素控制剂提供了新的目标。
    Validamycin A (VMA) is an antifungal antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus commonly used in plant disease management. Surprisingly, VMA was discovered to impede the production of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in agricultural settings. However, the specific target of VMA in Fusarium verticillioides remained unclear. To unravel the molecular mechanism of VMA, ultrastructural observations unveiled damage to mitochondrial membranes. Trehalase (FvNth) was pinpointed as the target of VMA by utilizing a 3D-printed surface plasmon resonance sensor. Molecular docking identified Trp285, Arg447, Asp452, and Phe665 as the binding sites between VMA and FvNth. A ΔFvnth mutant lacking amino acids 250-670 was engineered through homologous recombination. Transcriptome analysis indicated that samples treated with VMA and ΔFvnth displayed similar expression patterns, particularly in the suppression of the FUM gene cluster. VMA treatment resulted in reduced trehalase and ATPase activity as well as diminished production of glucose, pyruvic acid, and acetyl-CoA. Conversely, these effects were absent in samples treated with ΔFvnth. This research proposes that VMA hinders acetyl-CoA synthesis by trehalase, thereby suppressing the FB1 biosynthesis. These findings present a novel target for the development of mycotoxin control agents.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在欧盟推荐限值(T-2/HT-2毒素:0.25mg/kg;DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON:5mg/kg;FB1:20mg/kg)和两倍剂量(T-2/HT-2毒素:0.5mg/kg,DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON:10mg/kg,和FB1:40mg/kg饲料)对蛋鸡的肾脏进行了检查。我们的研究旨在研究这些霉菌毒素如何与膜脂质脂肪酸(FA)组成和脂质过氧化过程相互作用。观察到,在第3天,低混合组中共轭二烯和三烯的水平高于对照组,而在第2和3天,丙二醛的浓度更高。磷脂(PL)FAs的比例显示饱和和单不饱和FAs增加。尽管如此,在高混合组中,n3和n6多不饱和脂肪酸在暴露后第2天显著降低。在n3FA中,二十二碳六烯酸的水平(C22:6n3)和n6FAs,花生四烯酸(C20:4n6)在高混合组中主要在第2天降低。结果表明,镰刀菌真菌毒素的联合暴露会引起蛋鸡肾脏的脂质过氧化,这导致PLFA概况发生了显著变化。组织学检查显示,霉菌毒素暴露的后果是时间和剂量依赖性的增加。
    The effects of combined short-term (3 days) exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins at both the EU recommended limit (T-2/HT-2 toxin: 0.25 mg/kg; DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON: 5 mg/kg; FB1: 20 mg/kg) and twice the dose (T-2/HT-2 toxin: 0.5 mg/kg, DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON: 10 mg/kg, and FB1: 40 mg/kg feed) on the kidneys of laying hens were examined. Our study aimed to investigate how these mycotoxins interacted with membrane lipid fatty acid (FA) composition and lipid peroxidation processes. It was observed that the levels of conjugated dienes and trienes were higher than the control in the low-mix group on day 3, and malondialdehyde concentration was higher on days 2 and 3. The proportion of phospholipid (PL) FAs showed that saturated and monounsaturated FAs increased. Still, both n3 and n6 polyunsaturated FAs decreased significantly on day 2 of exposure in the high-mix group. Among the n3 FAs, the level of docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n3) and among n6 FAs, arachidonic (C20:4 n6) acids decreased mainly on day 2 in the high-mix group. The results suggest that the combined exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins induced lipid peroxidation in the kidneys of laying hens, which resulted in marked changes in the PL FA profile. Histological examination revealed time- and dose-dependent increases as consequences of mycotoxin exposure.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    伏马菌素B1(FB1),镰刀菌释放的水溶性霉菌毒素,广泛存在于玉米及其衍生产品中,严重危害人类生命和健康。最近的研究报道,FB1可以导致焦亡,然而,FB1诱导的焦亡机制仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们的目的是研究猪肠道上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)的焦亡机制以及FB1诱导的内质网应激(ERS)与焦亡的关系。我们的实验结果表明,暴露于FB1后,IPEC-J2中的焦亡蛋白指标显着增加。ERS标记,包括葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78),PKR样ER激酶蛋白(PERK),前蛋白易位因子(Sec62)也显著增加。使用PERK或Sec62的小干扰RNA沉默,结果表明Sec62的上调激活了PERK途径,PERK信号通路的激活是FB1诱导的焦亡的上游。使用ERS抑制剂4-PBA后,通过Sec62-PERK途径减少了FB1触发的肠损伤。总之,我们发现FB1通过上调Sec62激活PERK通路来诱导焦亡,和轻度ERS减轻FB1触发的伤害。这一切都归结为一个事实,这项研究为进一步,改善FB1的毒理机制。
    Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a water-soluble mycotoxin released by Fusarium moniliforme Sheld, is widely present in corn and its derivative products, and seriously endangers human life and health. Recent studies have reported that FB1 can lead to pyroptosis, however, the mechanisms by which FB1-induced pyroptosis remain indistinct. In the present study, we aim to investigate the mechanisms of pyroptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and the relationship between FB1-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and pyroptosis. Our experimental results showed that the pyroptosis protein indicators in IPEC-J2 were significantly increased after exposure to FB1. The ERS markers, including glucose-regulated Protein 78 (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase protein (PERK), and preprotein translocation factor (Sec62) were also significantly increased. Using small interfering RNA silencing of PERK or Sec62, the results demonstrated that upregulation of Sec62 activates the PERK pathway, and activation of the PERK signaling pathway is upstream of FB1-induced pyroptosis. After using the ERS inhibitor 4-PBA reduced the FB1-triggered intestinal injury by the Sec62-PERK pathway. In conclusion, we found that FB1 induced pyroptosis by upregulating Sec62 to activate the PERK pathway, and mild ERS alleviates FB1-triggered damage. It all boils down to one fact, the study provides a new perspective for further, and improving the toxicological mechanism of FB1.
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