苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)毒素是控制鳞翅目害虫的合成杀虫剂的潜在替代品。然而,某些害虫种群的抗性进化是一种威胁,可以降低Bt毒素的有效性。在这次审查中,我们总结了来自20个国家的161项研究的结果,这些研究报告了现场和实验室进化的耐药性,交叉电阻,和继承,机制,以及抵抗不同Bt毒素的健身成本。这些研究主要涉及来自美利坚合众国的昆虫(70),其次是中国(31),巴西(19)印度(12),马来西亚(9)西班牙(3)澳大利亚(3)。大多数研究表明,大多数害虫种群对Bt毒素具有易感性和缺乏交叉抗性。延迟抗性的因素包括抗性的隐性遗传,抗性等位基因的低初始频率,健身成本增加,丰富的非Bt避难所,和金字塔Bt作物。现场和实验室抗性的结果,交叉电阻,和继承,机制,抗性和适应性成本有利于预测未来抗性的威胁,并制定有效的策略来维持Bt作物的有效性。
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of lepidopteran pests. However, the evolution of resistance in some insect pest populations is a threat and can reduce the effectiveness of Bt toxins. In this review, we summarize the results of 161 studies from 20 countries reporting field and laboratory-evolved resistance, cross-resistance, and inheritance, mechanisms, and fitness costs of resistance to different Bt toxins. The studies refer mainly to insects from the United States of America (70), followed by China (31), Brazil (19), India (12), Malaysia (9), Spain (3), and Australia (3). The majority of the studies revealed that most of the pest populations showed susceptibility and a lack of cross-resistance to Bt toxins. Factors that delay resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, the low initial frequency of resistant alleles, increased fitness costs, abundant refuges of non-Bt, and pyramided Bt crops. The results of field and laboratory resistance, cross-resistance, and inheritance, mechanisms, and fitness cost of resistance are advantageous for predicting the threat of future resistance and making effective strategies to sustain the effectiveness of Bt crops.